trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
the new york	136
of the work	131
of the tunnel	120
part of the	105
the top of	103
in order to	100
top of the	99
of the shield	99
side of the	93
the pennsylvania railroad	92
the bottom of	91
end of the	88
new york city	86
bottom of the	80
of the tunnels	78
of the pennsylvania	77
the construction of	68
the long island	68
the east river	66
shown in fig	65
face of the	63
had to be	63
the north river	61
the face of	59
as soon as	55
the end of	53
the weight of	53
the shield was	53
of the concrete	53
weight of the	53
the iron lining	52
surface of the	51
long island railroad	49
the use of	49
the cost of	48
of the river	48
the surface of	48
portion of the	47
construction of the	47
as shown in	45
due to the	45
of the rock	44
the concrete was	43
on the new	43
from to ft	43
the work was	43
on account of	43
pennsylvania railroad company	42
at the top	42
long island city	42
line of the	42
of the wall	42
of ninth avenue	41
a distance of	41
the rock was	40
at the bottom	40
so that the	39
sides of the	39
of the water	39
east side of	39
of the arch	39
it was necessary	38
the east side	38
shown on plate	38
the cutting edge	38
a depth of	38
of new york	37
of the iron	37
angle of repose	37
at the same	37
was necessary to	36
east of the	36
level of the	36
as shown by	35
the same time	35
would have been	35
section of the	35
the terminal station	35
account of the	35
of d street	35
of about ft	35
of the new	34
of civil engineers	34
as to the	34
and in the	34
of the line	34
and it was	34
the concrete lining	34
the excavation was	33
society of civil	33
shown by fig	33
in the bottom	33
the center line	33
the rate of	33
american society of	33
connection with the	32
the fact that	32
of the excavation	32
of the material	32
of the sand	32
west of the	32
was to be	32
on each side	31
it will be	31
of the same	31
in d street	31
the west side	31
the rock surface	31
of the long	31
the railroad company	31
attached to the	31
in connection with	31
the level of	30
the air pressure	30
in the tunnel	30
there was a	30
up to the	30
soon as the	29
the line of	29
of the shaft	29
on the north	29
cost of the	28
per linear foot	28
found to be	28
one of the	28
as well as	28
length of the	28
owing to the	28
so as to	28
the weehawken shaft	28
the center of	28
the sides of	27
the south side	27
of the north	27
in the tunnels	27
some of the	27
the length of	27
back of the	27
the metal lining	27
outside of the	27
engineer of the	27
the number of	26
on the south	26
extension of the	26
the time of	26
a number of	26
out of the	26
chief engineer of	26
the remainder of	26
was put in	26
earth and rock	25
used in the	25
it was not	25
in front of	25
remainder of the	25
york tunnel extension	25
the writer believes	25
east river tunnels	25
new york tunnel	25
as far as	25
as shown on	25
it may be	25
the river tunnels	25
center of the	25
the foot of	25
could not be	25
was found to	25
front of the	24
for a distance	24
west side of	24
it was found	24
new york side	24
shown on fig	24
the work of	24
in the rock	24
of the terminal	24
the case of	24
pressure on the	24
to a depth	24
at the end	24
of the ground	24
in the case	24
of the top	24
of free air	24
the north side	24
of the american	24
and d streets	23
in which the	23
in new york	23
north river tunnels	23
the amount of	23
terminal station west	23
on the surface	23
the quantity of	23
elevation of the	22
rock bottom heading	22
per cubic yard	22
of the pier	22
of the avenue	22
of the face	22
the board of	22
to the top	22
for the purpose	22
on the east	22
the soft ground	22
the tunnels were	22
below the surface	22
b c d	22
is shown on	22
were to be	21
by the writer	21
the same as	21
on the west	21
on the sides	21
cubic yards of	21
the middle of	21
of the city	21
a b c	21
center line of	21
of seventh avenue	21
completion of the	21
on the other	21
it was decided	21
edge of the	21
the removal of	21
the excavation of	21
use of the	21
of the structure	21
as it was	21
bergen hill tunnels	20
free air per	20
on which the	20
depth of ft	20
the tunnel was	20
the angle of	20
in reinforced concrete	20
there is a	20
parts of the	20
south side of	20
the writer has	20
sand and gravel	20
investigations of mine	20
on the manhattan	20
the manhattan shaft	20
and the other	20
the shields were	20
ends of the	20
the elevation of	20
the purpose of	20
of the bottom	19
the new jersey	19
of the street	19
position of the	19
at elastic limit	19
in advance of	19
a capacity of	19
tunnels under the	19
a part of	19
the manhattan side	19
reinforced concrete design	19
federal investigations of	19
of mine accidents	19
to a point	19
to support the	19
at the time	19
to make the	19
of the east	19
questions in reinforced	19
charge of the	19
used on the	19
writer believes that	19
the base of	19
is shown by	19
that of the	19
placed in the	19
the question of	19
was done by	18
of the pipe	18
was found that	18
in the concrete	18
the roof of	18
the ends of	18
the exception of	18
at the rate	18
shown by the	18
of the rail	18
portions of the	18
special committee on	18
the completion of	18
of which was	18
are shown on	18
will be seen	18
each of the	18
was filled with	18
van der hoek	18
in soft ground	18
height of the	18
the placing of	18
and it is	18
with the exception	18
this was done	18
of from to	18
on top of	18
tunnel extension of	18
which had been	17
a pressure of	17
pressure of lb	17
civil engineers instituted	17
of special committee	17
transactions paper no	17
from the bottom	17
from to in	17
at that point	17
where it was	17
features of the	17
the hudson river	17
instituted transactions paper	17
distance of ft	17
of the shields	17
the sand and	17
the retaining wall	17
the method of	17
on rail sections	17
report of special	17
to the new	17
final report of	17
base of the	17
a and b	17
in diameter and	17
the pressure of	17
in each tunnel	17
the building of	17
advance of the	17
center to center	17
were put in	17
removal of the	17
from center to	17
the face was	17
the point of	17
quantity of water	17
parallel to the	17
in charge of	17
committee on rail	17
east and west	17
an average of	17
eastward from the	17
most of the	17
full page image	17
tunnel and terminal	17
engineers instituted transactions	17
and on the	17
resting on the	17
in the top	16
between seventh and	16
president of the	16
to the shaft	16
it was thought	16
new york division	16
to the rock	16
the results of	16
connected with the	16
was as follows	16
of the caisson	16
from to lb	16
the american society	16
location of the	16
of sand and	16
which it was	16
member of the	16
width of the	16
of the cutting	16
excavation of the	16
rock surface was	16
on the bottom	16
of tenth avenue	16
and terminal railroad	16
as in the	16
the pressure on	16
in feet material	16
of the first	16
of the lining	16
contact with the	16
was decided to	16
pennsylvania tunnel and	16
sand and stone	16
under the river	16
work in the	16
the space between	16
of the south	16
to the level	16
each side of	16
seventh avenue and	16
new york central	16
will be described	16
at the point	15
pressure of the	15
it would have	15
be seen that	15
at the foot	15
was placed in	15
are shown in	15
the form was	15
shown in table	15
a length of	15
the city of	15
the other hand	15
to the river	15
the width of	15
placing of the	15
put in place	15
the tail of	15
of the retaining	15
the direction of	15
to permit the	15
roof of the	15
on may th	15
from the top	15
new jersey side	15
that it was	15
and that the	15
the street surface	15
the position of	15
of the west	15
the depth of	15
space between the	15
by the contractor	15
new york contracting	15
the top and	15
of the bench	15
the north and	15
and d street	15
nature of the	15
the erection of	15
of the track	15
north side of	15
tail of the	15
capacity of the	15
access to the	15
the caisson was	15
that it is	15
of the permanent	15
description of the	15
more or less	15
to be taken	15
the design of	15
of the two	15
there was no	15
it should be	15
the girders c	15
a member of	15
down to the	15
lining of the	14
in tunnel a	14
the capacity of	14
in long island	14
and the rock	14
in the river	14
by the city	14
the tunnels under	14
to the west	14
the lines of	14
in the first	14
crown of the	14
of the latter	14
was made to	14
on the work	14
the greater part	14
the elevated railway	14
caused by the	14
by the railroad	14
c b c	14
air pressure was	14
of the construction	14
the crown of	14
where there was	14
the shield chambers	14
division of the	14
the bergen hill	14
and tenth avenues	14
in addition to	14
is shown in	14
the writer is	14
ahead of the	14
in the sand	14
and of the	14
to the bottom	14
in this way	14
diameter of the	14
b c b	14
mixed rock cut	14
of the pile	14
the outside of	14
middle of the	14
found that the	14
made in the	14
under the north	14
ninth and tenth	14
under ninth avenue	14
of the total	14
for the construction	14
where the rock	14
barrels of cement	14
of the working	13
between ninth and	13
the heading was	13
d street and	13
together with the	13
the weight on	13
the sand was	13
greater part of	13
the back of	13
of all the	13
the tunnel lining	13
a top heading	13
was about ft	13
from the face	13
and ninth avenues	13
side of ninth	13
the head of	13
and stability of	13
of cement used	13
lines of the	13
similar to that	13
it would be	13
early part of	13
the latter part	13
to the east	13
in this case	13
on the side	13
concrete lining was	13
of the weight	13
north river division	13
r r r	13
to the face	13
not more than	13
on either side	13
the early part	13
erection of the	13
st and d	13
to allow the	13
with the new	13
in contact with	13
was carried on	13
operation of the	13
was used for	13
in the early	13
york contracting company	13
in the center	13
case of the	13
it was then	13
into the tunnel	13
to be a	13
to prevent the	13
in the roof	13
fact that the	13
size of the	13
new york and	13
pressure in the	13
were used for	13
the beginning of	13
the rest of	13
from the east	13
south of the	13
the rock and	12
as the shield	12
on girders c	12
similar to those	12
tracks of the	12
of the hudson	12
so that it	12
rest of the	12
the holes were	12
under the direction	12
r a m	12
the meadows division	12
to that of	12
filled with concrete	12
the contractor for	12
work on the	12
r r a	12
the hudson and	12
in open cut	12
the upper part	12
the progress of	12
view of the	12
the escape of	12
latter part of	12
the american railway	12
of the caissons	12
in the form	12
assumed to be	12
details of the	12
the shield and	12
of new jersey	12
at intervals of	12
settlement of the	12
in this paper	12
lines and grades	12
to ninth avenue	12
material in the	12
loss of air	12
by the pennsylvania	12
to the center	12
temporary shoring girders	12
directly from the	12
east river division	12
it would seem	12
g g g	12
the bridge seat	12
e p e	12
each pair of	12
muck loaded by	12
h h h	12
of the metal	12
rock on the	12
in some cases	12
of the form	12
in the latter	12
o o t	12
in cubic yards	12
to be made	12
to keep the	12
grade of the	12
more than ft	12
e e p	12
and about ft	12
the lower part	12
there is no	12
were used in	12
table part w	12
the thickness of	12
and the work	11
water in the	11
well as the	11
for the first	11
at a depth	11
of this section	11
any of the	11
had been removed	11
and the excavation	11
that the pressure	11
the soft material	11
for this purpose	11
the rear of	11
the size of	11
of the wood	11
of the bridge	11
in the paper	11
to be used	11
board of engineers	11
at the face	11
depth of about	11
to have been	11
the limits of	11
the bench was	11
in the field	11
at right angles	11
the water supply	11
the west line	11
at a time	11
the pennsylvania tunnel	11
d and d	11
seventh and eighth	11
at one time	11
were built in	11
north and south	11
pressure due to	11
taken from the	11
a section of	11
of st street	11
the time the	11
of one of	11
elevated railway structure	11
in case of	11
order to prevent	11
a point ft	11
the retaining walls	11
west line of	11
contractor for the	11
the west end	11
on the top	11
there were no	11
to be the	11
it could be	11
out of rock	11
the excavation for	11
at the meeting	11
heading was driven	11
on the line	11
under the east	11
made by the	11
in the contract	11
braced from the	11
thickness of key	11
sections of the	11
when it was	11
half of the	11
in the same	11
time per ring	11
in the north	11
equal to the	11
the point where	11
lower part of	11
placed on the	11
the work in	11
of the lower	11
an angle of	11
of the piston	11
the rapid transit	11
were filled with	11
either side of	11
and construction of	11
the pressure was	11
c and d	11
weight on the	11
and at the	11
excavation had been	11
stability of earth	11
heading and bench	11
is to be	11
the average time	11
hudson and manhattan	11
as long as	11
proved to be	11
at about the	11
from seventh avenue	11
the meeting of	11
wall of the	11
to the writer	11
to the fact	11
on the drivers	11
the result of	11
similar to the	11
the presence of	11
in excess of	11
concrete water tower	10
of the most	10
of the board	10
the disposal of	10
the intercepting arch	10
to the contractor	10
on june th	10
at the beginning	10
memoir prepared by	10
of the ring	10
was elected a	10
holes were drilled	10
the grade of	10
mean high water	10
was thought that	10
an elevation of	10
removed and the	10
iron lining of	10
and to the	10
that it would	10
it is not	10
of the tower	10
far as possible	10
felt and pitch	10
of the railroad	10
two or three	10
of the tank	10
the author has	10
the loss of	10
on the ground	10
the permanent viaduct	10
drilling and blasting	10
to carry the	10
of the entire	10
in order that	10
in view of	10
under d street	10
the pipe line	10
b and d	10
direction of the	10
the operation of	10
be noted that	10
temperature of the	10
into new york	10
the material in	10
progress of the	10
shield was shoved	10
top and bottom	10
but it was	10
foot of the	10
to the tunnel	10
less than the	10
ninth avenue and	10
in the east	10
given in table	10
should not be	10
avenue and d	10
a short distance	10
paso and southwestern	10
the nature of	10
of the heading	10
and the iron	10
el paso and	10
done by the	10
maintenance of way	10
and eighth avenues	10
in normal air	10
as chief engineer	10
first and thirty	10
on the outside	10
concrete was placed	10
there were three	10
per square foot	10
character of the	10
escape of air	10
having a capacity	10
the el paso	10
presented at the	10
the work to	10
the solid material	10
the d street	10
the excavation had	10
seen that the	10
up on the	10
the land tunnels	10
used for the	10
building of the	10
the company to	10
a system of	10
of the old	10
on july th	10
head of the	10
cubic yard of	10
locomotive performance on	10
were set up	10
the temperature of	10
a few feet	10
the atlantic avenue	10
the application of	10
in the face	10
was divided into	10
much of the	10
the roof was	10
by the author	10
that there is	10
of the time	10
and western railroad	10
seventh avenue to	10
between the tunnels	10
up to a	10
the working chamber	10
columns in table	10
the tunnels and	10
the first avenue	10
work of the	10
all the work	10
the side of	10
when the shield	10
of the cost	10
in such a	10
believed to be	10
of which were	10
in the south	9
bottom heading oct	9
floor of the	9
the specifications required	9
diameter and ft	9
to from to	9
by the use	9
t r o	9
large quantity of	9
to be done	9
regard to the	9
execution of the	9
were taken out	9
u t t	9
and for the	9
the ninth avenue	9
exception of the	9
floors of the	9
the cutting edges	9
rear of the	9
two on the	9
e i i	9
of the company	9
of the section	9
end of each	9
many of the	9
in the invert	9
line of ninth	9
flanges of the	9
had been driven	9
as it is	9
t i s	9
to avoid the	9
i r r	9
the bore segments	9
the section of	9
from which the	9
l n n	9
of the upper	9
amount of excavation	9
north of the	9
at a point	9
i i a	9
city of new	9
i l t	9
of the plant	9
seemed to be	9
was of the	9
in accordance with	9
it had been	9
s i o	9
the central track	9
at the rear	9
in pounds per	9
in in in	9
of the center	9
number of cubic	9
the installation of	9
weight on drivers	9
of the manhattan	9
the east line	9
n n n	9
by steam shovel	9
be used in	9
there were two	9
loaded by hand	9
of various lengths	9
at the north	9
one or two	9
of fifth avenue	9
appear to be	9
and this was	9
of cubic yards	9
at one end	9
york connecting railroad	9
at the manhattan	9
to the tunnels	9
per square inch	9
air per minute	9
of first avenue	9
for some time	9
the sunnyside yard	9
line between the	9
the united states	9
at least ft	9
from the west	9
and also to	9
and they were	9
it is impossible	9
a concrete water	9
will be found	9
and the east	9
which was the	9
at d street	9
to be removed	9
in the open	9
rock center heading	9
g g s	9
h l u	9
the river shafts	9
l t r	9
right angles to	9
would not be	9
the excavation on	9
d g i	9
of the earth	9
point where the	9
d g g	9
the springing line	9
terminal railroad company	9
in the streets	9
was started on	9
to be built	9
from long island	9
on the upper	9
of the surface	9
was used in	9
to the shield	9
are to be	9
the two tunnels	9
lumber in feet	9
made up of	9
west end of	9
atlantic avenue improvement	9
the present time	9
have been described	9
was taken out	9
was attached to	9
distance of about	9
soft ground was	9
the water was	9
the location of	9
a matter of	9
and from the	9
the rock at	9
and southwestern railway	9
not less than	9
new york connecting	9
elevated railway columns	9
on december th	9
on the center	9
transferred to the	9
were replaced by	9
the duct bench	9
work was done	9
which may be	9
on october th	9
east line of	9
time taken to	9
avenue to the	9
as resident engineer	9
full face of	9
and long island	9
directly to the	9
the details of	9
in the crown	9
to be laid	9
for use in	9
bridge over the	9
attempt was made	9
the work under	9
average time taken	9
air per min	9
to the surface	9
mixed bottom heading	9
i a t	9
cost of labor	9
during the period	9
the concrete in	9
the right to	9
in the upper	9
performance on grades	9
to and from	9
of the paper	9
in a manner	9
tunnels b and	9
the shield method	9
l u t	9
l table part	8
when the shields	8
the members of	8
and brown on	8
through the soft	8
were left in	8
the possibility of	8
the transverse girders	8
the weehawken side	8
the inside bucket	8
the plane of	8
the water in	8
the central rock	8
west of ninth	8
placing the concrete	8
by the board	8
g s l	8
and the north	8
in tunnel b	8
for the full	8
the shield had	8
concrete was deposited	8
by the shield	8
of the ingot	8
length of time	8
which could be	8
by far the	8
above the tunnel	8
and the shield	8
rate of progress	8
of the cast	8
the tunnel and	8
the concrete and	8
furnished by the	8
o between length	8
and the average	8
of the pressure	8
duct bench concrete	8
lock bulkhead wall	8
by the tunnel	8
it is also	8
to be about	8
hewett and brown	8
to the depth	8
of compressed air	8
made for the	8
could have been	8
to form a	8
the hydrostatic head	8
on d street	8
beginning of the	8
was made by	8
sand and water	8
grades of various	8
the pipe was	8
street to the	8
and had to	8
a tendency to	8
of linear in	8
central rock core	8
table summary part	8
on grades of	8
and the face	8
the commencement of	8
elected a member	8
and maintenance of	8
upper part of	8
n rings in	8
first avenue shafts	8
by the fact	8
to determine the	8
of the main	8
the tendency of	8
the total weight	8
in this work	8
linear in feet	8
passenger and freight	8
less than ft	8
operated by a	8
into the shield	8
to be placed	8
in queens borough	8
the thrust of	8
were made in	8
the twin tunnel	8
island railroad company	8
not to be	8
civil engineers on	8
pearson and son	8
method of construction	8
of the roof	8
removed from the	8
the stability of	8
feet material e	8
the arch was	8
which will be	8
that the concrete	8
shown in the	8
large part of	8
rings in feet	8
in the lower	8
was in progress	8
angles to the	8
on april th	8
junction of the	8
at that time	8
on both sides	8
was placed on	8
about of the	8
between the two	8
the ducts were	8
total cost of	8
number progress of	8
the sinking of	8
pair of tunnels	8
of the various	8
to lift the	8
the wall was	8
a period of	8
jersey city station	8
in the middle	8
plan and profile	8
known as the	8
shown by figs	8
the form of	8
two of the	8
the most important	8
average rate of	8
the necessity of	8
wide and ft	8
the intermediate shafts	8
addition to the	8
rock at the	8
to the north	8
as much as	8
described under the	8
the ground was	8
harrison transfer station	8
of each other	8
the state of	8
should be made	8
tunnels from the	8
of the piles	8
th street and	8
r method of	8
and manhattan railroad	8
line of seventh	8
the shaft was	8
length r method	8
progress of linear	8
the various operations	8
in st street	8
excavation for the	8
far as the	8
in the original	8
a n rings	8
in spite of	8
of the trestle	8
of number progress	8
of repose of	8
i o o	8
to the water	8
of the hood	8
from this point	8
organization of the	8
work was carried	8
consisted of a	8
in tunnel d	8
in the shield	8
constructed under the	8
of the grade	8
brown on pennsylvania	8
can be found	8
of the pump	8
of the viaduct	8
was supported by	8
were placed on	8
the pump chamber	8
between length r	8
were as follows	8
tendency of the	8
r section u	8
the hackensack river	8
on pennsylvania r	8
in the construction	8
the material was	8
quantity of muck	8
walls of the	8
of the project	8
the skin friction	8
one of these	8
except that the	8
is that the	8
iron tunnel lining	8
against the face	8
after the concrete	8
in the street	8
and stone were	8
placed under the	8
for top charges	8
of the former	8
as the concrete	8
rate of number	8
from the tunnels	8
the joints were	8
tunnels and the	8
rods in the	8
by means of	8
the execution of	8
average cost per	8
the concrete arch	8
water from the	8
could be done	8
the surface and	8
on the weehawken	8
it necessary to	8
this work was	8
the junction of	8
to bring the	8
n n a	8
in other words	8
the tops of	8
rate of grade	8
material e excavation	8
description in gang	8
to the weight	8
excavation was completed	8
area of the	8
because of the	8
the latter was	8
to the weehawken	8
at each end	8
of the sump	8
below mean high	8
supply of the	8
had been built	8
in tunnel c	8
at each plant	8
at tenth avenue	8
of wood pipe	8
this method was	8
of the trench	8
of the ducts	8
according to the	8
the excavated material	8
from the first	7
harrison transfer yard	7
the stone was	7
was done with	7
to receive the	7
to be much	7
had been completed	7
lining was placed	7
of the actual	7
was desired to	7
and through the	7
form for the	7
to santa rosa	7
the walls of	7
side of st	7
which they were	7
made with the	7
the new england	7
line of d	7
york central railroad	7
load and deflection	7
air cylinders were	7
the water pressure	7
company and the	7
was done in	7
filled with water	7
for this reason	7
held in place	7
to the pressure	7
had been excavated	7
the face and	7
a e e	7
it is the	7
and as the	7
was carried out	7
occupied by the	7
and from to	7
in compressed air	7
it was the	7
square foot of	7
of the streets	7
has taken place	7
the masonry lining	7
will be given	7
which is the	7
believes that the	7
for a short	7
forms for the	7
the bolt holes	7
of excavation was	7
the laying of	7
it does not	7
the chief engineer	7
of the building	7
of the cut	7
in the summer	7
appears to be	7
of the four	7
the portion of	7
made to the	7
at a pressure	7
to reduce the	7
be taken out	7
the following is	7
of the station	7
as compared with	7
divided into two	7
to full size	7
certain amount of	7
from the station	7
this part of	7
to be excavated	7
level with the	7
water supply of	7
the tunnels to	7
all rock bottom	7
the pumping main	7
given by the	7
deck of the	7
change in the	7
the total cost	7
and thence to	7
limits of the	7
house line of	7
in the air	7
railroad of new	7
on march th	7
filled with grout	7
loaded by steam	7
left in place	7
to which the	7
no attempt was	7
the floors of	7
from carrizozo to	7
of the steel	7
be found in	7
was less than	7
the character of	7
the water to	7
the sand is	7
they were used	7
had been made	7
during the progress	7
the period of	7
r e a	7
carrizozo to santa	7
work in tunnel	7
the th street	7
prior to the	7
the earth was	7
a variation of	7
under the hudson	7
of the shafts	7
wall was built	7
surface railway structure	7
of the other	7
the roof and	7
and the tunnels	7
american railway engineering	7
reference to the	7
be able to	7
of the standard	7
of damage done	7
the contract for	7
at fifth avenue	7
it can be	7
was fitted with	7
on the rock	7
a layer of	7
a r section	7
long as the	7
it was desirable	7
and the long	7
shown on the	7
mean total deflection	7
the design and	7
and deflection log	7
thickness of the	7
at the other	7
the driving of	7
the height of	7
of the flanges	7
to place the	7
soft ground in	7
obtained from the	7
buried in the	7
except in the	7
of his death	7
large number of	7
he was a	7
engineering and maintenance	7
had been done	7
determined by the	7
for the upper	7
in the following	7
a series of	7
company for the	7
of a large	7
for the new	7
the time taken	7
kinds of ground	7
a certain amount	7
tunnels of the	7
portions of thirty	7
by reason of	7
inside of the	7
the south shaft	7
on flat cars	7
design of the	7
the harrison transfer	7
of the engineering	7
out to the	7
from to from	7
through the tunnel	7
was taken up	7
and therefore the	7
it was possible	7
the shields in	7
to give a	7
state of new	7
three or four	7
the south tunnel	7
from the river	7
shoving the shield	7
of which the	7
of this work	7
and face walls	7
d a b	7
the face wall	7
the erie railroad	7
the tunnel company	7
soon after the	7
day and night	7
earth pressure and	7
work was finished	7
was at first	7
girders c were	7
was built in	7
had not been	7
engineer in charge	7
at long island	7
streets and avenues	7
a height of	7
for the long	7
after which the	7
in driving the	7
the material above	7
a and c	7
long and ft	7
as a result	7
in regard to	7
the contractor was	7
site of the	7
for the various	7
could be made	7
the handling of	7
been made in	7
in the water	7
clear of the	7
before the concrete	7
to remove the	7
both sides of	7
fastened to the	7
time of his	7
deflecton curves beam	7
for the tunnels	7
expansion of pipes	7
the underside of	7
axis of the	7
those in the	7
the flow of	7
all parts of	7
y r n	7
pounds per square	7
in all cases	7
the axis of	7
by compressed air	7
structure of the	7
be made for	7
cut in the	7
air pressure in	7
the tunnel extension	7
in the design	7
angles of repose	7
rock cover was	7
miles of the	7
of the hill	7
control of the	7
work under the	7
the resident engineers	7
the arrangement of	7
section can be	7
he was graduated	7
close to the	7
the rock to	7
on the elevated	7
at this point	7
are given in	7
d street to	7
of the el	7
of the length	7
a short time	7
was intended to	7
of eighth avenue	7
required to lift	7
the concrete had	7
increase in the	7
filled with sand	7
be described in	7
east river and	7
it was desired	7
the tracks of	7
the river tunnel	7
railway engineering and	7
lackawanna and western	7
application of the	7
sand in the	7
lining of shield	7
were of the	7
the adoption of	7
part of this	7
the rear end	7
at an elevation	7
a bottom heading	7
where there were	7
the portions of	7
the tunnel line	7
above the top	7
as may be	7
the tunnel in	7
d b b	7
was supported on	7
the distance between	7
the filtered water	7
tunnel under the	7
practically all the	7
the lehigh valley	7
water at the	7
permanent viaduct girders	7
property of the	7
construction of a	7
the same general	7
the effect of	7
a total of	7
of this paper	7
support of the	7
the tunnels are	7
at the west	7
of way association	7
to the full	7
tests of creosoted	7
the rock in	7
extending from the	7
and jersey city	7
southwestern railway from	7
independently of the	7
from the shield	7
n r r	7
the paper by	7
railway from carrizozo	7
c d a	7
is impossible to	7
at the south	7
that portion of	7
when the excavation	7
to be very	7
of the cross	7
seventh and ninth	7
location and construction	7
with regard to	7
top of rail	7
edges of the	7
on one side	7
from the weehawken	7
as they were	6
on plate xiii	6
of the rings	6
a typical cross	6
east of seventh	6
the diameter of	6
tunnels at the	6
to the time	6
to an average	6
to th street	6
engineering and contracting	6
noted in the	6
sent to the	6
as for the	6
iv iv iv	6
was allowed to	6
within the limits	6
and the time	6
new york station	6
the cars were	6
borings were made	6
accordance with the	6
for a time	6
were placed under	6
e a n	6
in eighth avenue	6
with the pennsylvania	6
lehigh valley railroad	6
in tunnels b	6
the electrification of	6
encountered in the	6
they were set	6
to complete the	6
below the top	6
driven from the	6
the pennsylvania station	6
concrete pier construction	6
lining and the	6
from the manhattan	6
the streets and	6
of that company	6
be found by	6
the vicinity of	6
and new jersey	6
will show that	6
action of the	6
the necessity for	6
the movement of	6
i i i	6
intervals of about	6
for that section	6
indicate that the	6
work to be	6
and the weight	6
flow of water	6
the distance of	6
the shutters were	6
retaining and face	6
of the ordinary	6
directly into the	6
united engineering and	6
approved by the	6
the working face	6
worked by a	6
it is believed	6
of the bulkhead	6
the upper deck	6
have to be	6
the course of	6
in experiment no	6
map and profile	6
for more than	6
to the work	6
of the above	6
east new york	6
of the pipes	6
was covered with	6
and the material	6
the river bed	6
of the present	6
of the full	6
and th street	6
were then placed	6
the front of	6
bearing on the	6
cement and sand	6
per cubic foot	6
in from the	6
which the writer	6
that at the	6
by the construction	6
long island shafts	6
across the river	6
engineer for the	6
the united engineering	6
that the sand	6
is thus seen	6
of the holes	6
american railway association	6
is believed to	6
would seem as	6
the basis of	6
the sum of	6
th street pier	6
on the lower	6
variation of ft	6
of work in	6
it was finally	6
as determined by	6
by james h	6
iii iii iii	6
on november th	6
the permanent steel	6
movement of the	6
foot of d	6
cost per cubic	6
the wood pipe	6
the materials were	6
the top was	6
had been taken	6
viaducts or bridges	6
out from the	6
set in the	6
was a small	6
new jersey and	6
that the results	6
at the pier	6
or to the	6
as great as	6
line to the	6
the north tunnel	6
the iron and	6
of the intercepting	6
had been used	6
there will be	6
on a timber	6
out by the	6
the bents were	6
left in the	6
have been made	6
he does not	6
of the bents	6
on february th	6
between it and	6
the benefit of	6
until after the	6
the land tunnel	6
long island shaft	6
avenue to ninth	6
used in any	6
the unavoidable delays	6
as a matter	6
under contract dated	6
the first and	6
that the arching	6
to provide for	6
to the track	6
just east of	6
of the division	6
flatbush avenue terminal	6
the south abutment	6
may be of	6
the tunnel to	6
a portion of	6
through which the	6
side of tenth	6
result of the	6
order to allow	6
there would be	6
there are two	6
the plans for	6
for the whole	6
all of the	6
to the grade	6
sunk to a	6
at manhattan was	6
to have a	6
all structures were	6
condition of the	6
line of tenth	6
placed at the	6
for the entire	6
westward from the	6
to new york	6
over the new	6
of the intermediate	6
the support of	6
ends of these	6
holes in the	6
is capable of	6
skin friction on	6
covered by the	6
a large part	6
of retaining wall	6
to the lower	6
cutting edge of	6
the rock cover	6
and the bottom	6
avenue and the	6
of the period	6
a large quantity	6
during this period	6
adjacent to the	6
they were of	6
just west of	6
braced to the	6
that could be	6
the flanges of	6
der hoek was	6
record of retaining	6
he was elected	6
was also a	6
for the disposal	6
built into the	6
the sump segment	6
the location and	6
where they were	6
provided for the	6
order to provide	6
and contracting company	6
of the way	6
compared with the	6
and then the	6
of ground encountered	6
described in the	6
set up on	6
side of d	6
the north shaft	6
into the rock	6
that section in	6
then put in	6
streets or avenues	6
it is a	6
to be of	6
to which it	6
and also the	6
were made of	6
at the east	6
caulking and grummeting	6
in the walls	6
of the pit	6
order that the	6
the full width	6
total average cost	6
soon as possible	6
large amount of	6
a description of	6
and west of	6
reinforced concrete pier	6
be placed in	6
of the test	6
at all times	6
resulted in a	6
and all the	6
hole in the	6
between stations and	6
the sections of	6
of a heavy	6
load on pile	6
just before the	6
on september th	6
the average force	6
ii ii ii	6
could be obtained	6
the action of	6
whole of the	6
as high as	6
the sliding platform	6
use of a	6
greater than the	6
the hydraulic grade	6
not be used	6
the shield advanced	6
to be at	6
table gives the	6
the shield could	6
above the bottom	6
and the air	6
retaining wall was	6
when the angle	6
was due to	6
of the last	6
to the other	6
were made by	6
the distance piece	6
total length of	6
for labor and	6
was held in	6
it to be	6
the same manner	6
through the sand	6
from station to	6
electrification of the	6
the shields had	6
the average rate	6
east of ninth	6
the false bottom	6
was required to	6
sized twin tunnel	6
to have the	6
of the meadows	6
the southern pacific	6
is due to	6
but it is	6
retaining walls in	6
those on the	6
lines a and	6
tunnels a and	6
section of concrete	6
the bearing value	6
of this kind	6
bench concrete was	6
the part of	6
no arch action	6
north river bridge	6
driven tunnel work	6
used as a	6
for the tunnel	6
as fast as	6
the river was	6
that the rock	6
as the work	6
was then taken	6
pressure against the	6
as the rock	6
of the opening	6
in the larger	6
than the standard	6
the leading end	6
at this time	6
were erected on	6
excavated material was	6
the percentage of	6
was excavated to	6
the east and	6
engineering construction company	6
for the lower	6
the forms and	6
and the railroad	6
of more than	6
of these tunnels	6
permanent steel viaduct	6
it might be	6
v e j	6
the pressure is	6
of the reef	6
should have been	6
the bottom heading	6
the arch were	6
of th ave	6
by a single	6
ducts were laid	6
with sand and	6
stone and sand	6
full width and	6
in any section	6
possible to the	6
brought up to	6
of the beam	6
be described later	6
where the tunnels	6
the companies are	6
tunnels c and	6
the hydraulic method	6
and subjected to	6
without caulking pockets	6
given to the	6
total field charges	6
the horizontal diameter	6
the development of	6
which he was	6
in position and	6
the load on	6
the edge of	6
a timber trestle	6
was replaced by	6
not include the	6
has been made	6
that in the	6
it and the	6
were made with	6
of the sides	6
of bore segments	6
shield could be	6
of the whole	6
was being done	6
on the same	6
depending on the	6
the forms were	6
as possible to	6
of cement and	6
and profile of	6
two sets of	6
be required to	6
enough to permit	6
was transferred to	6
ultimate load on	6
members of the	6
the tunnels in	6
the site of	6
posts were placed	6
to the present	6
and by the	6
found by multiplying	6
erection of shield	6
river to the	6
the nogal reservoir	6
thrust of the	6
at th street	6
ground in the	6
as a rule	6
shape of the	6
back to the	6
any section can	6
and the whole	6
to the point	6
the extent of	6
the pier was	6
in the two	6
to form the	6
same manner as	6
the pier head	6
matter of fact	6
does not seem	6
by which the	6
as the tunnel	6
of each section	6
for the excavation	6
of the completed	6
as to bring	6
described for the	6
to the terminal	6
the contract was	6
concrete for the	6
subjected to a	6
by the new	6
length of about	6
the lining was	6
rock middle heading	6
for the work	6
the performance of	6
side of th	6
telephone and telegraph	6
cement used for	6
with compressed air	6
rock and earth	6
pressure and stability	6
the whole of	6
tops of the	6
the forms for	6
the total length	6
of tunnel was	6
described in this	6
excavation on the	6
from that time	5
of this class	5
general electric motor	5
use in the	5
center line between	5
be stated that	5
were in place	5
the solid rock	5
this is shown	5
to be set	5
all excavated material	5
treatment of the	5
lined with concrete	5
the average progress	5
h e a	5
the average number	5
pressure per square	5
of deceased members	5
in the floor	5
the bottom and	5
form of a	5
number of the	5
committee of the	5
to eighth avenue	5
in the vicinity	5
were used on	5
joints of the	5
station to the	5
of weight on	5
in the side	5
from the shafts	5
were built on	5
bottom heading nov	5
the tractive power	5
had been placed	5
was more than	5
through the form	5
from tenth avenue	5
a very large	5
by the resident	5
the bottom was	5
by the tangent	5
the practicability of	5
three sets of	5
and supported on	5
the ordinary type	5
the test pieces	5
described in a	5
of the late	5
was one of	5
was finally decided	5
to reach the	5
contract was let	5
the friction of	5
multiplied by the	5
the late a	5
before the shields	5
as will be	5
was loaded by	5
as the sand	5
from the shaft	5
was desirable to	5
which the concrete	5
in conjunction with	5
street and north	5
nailed to the	5
made of the	5
could be built	5
a n r	5
the typical working	5
on the completion	5
was made up	5
on plate xii	5
in segment no	5
tunnel a and	5
for the east	5
vicinity of the	5
of the outside	5
the influence of	5
he was engaged	5
work was in	5
to the sides	5
the east house	5
twice as great	5
s e i	5
weight per cubic	5
forms were removed	5
and dumped into	5
into the concrete	5
was excavated in	5
at eleventh avenue	5
pipes were built	5
the station and	5
a piece of	5
memoirs of deceased	5
seems to be	5
through the shield	5
the total quantity	5
bottoms of the	5
the tunnel lines	5
the dome and	5
a structure of	5
to extend the	5
the rock excavation	5
r b b	5
are of the	5
the center lines	5
in the filtered	5
d annual convention	5
the cable conduits	5
done in the	5
the street level	5
linear foot of	5
the pressure to	5
referred to above	5
in clear water	5
the whole gang	5
were made to	5
excavated to full	5
have been a	5
the difficulty of	5
and chief engineer	5
on the basis	5
previously referred to	5
in the trench	5
driving of the	5
about the same	5
excavation of rock	5
the tunnel excavation	5
time he was	5
the lack of	5
and under the	5
from the tunnel	5
of the land	5
east house line	5
the whole length	5
the tunnels was	5
in the state	5
that of a	5
by the weight	5
of brooklyn and	5
that the work	5
in a few	5
along the tunnel	5
referring to the	5
that the tunnels	5
york and new	5
the box drains	5
the surface was	5
had been carried	5
muck from the	5
directly over the	5
to cover the	5
a large number	5
of earth and	5
see that the	5
east end of	5
the other two	5
on the tunnels	5
interfere with the	5
the last ring	5
to within ft	5
slope of the	5
partly filled with	5
the shield chamber	5
pressure would be	5
be well to	5
one end of	5
in river tunnels	5
dumped into the	5
as the water	5
river tunnels was	5
was constructed under	5
chief assistant engineer	5
the disposal trestle	5
would seem that	5
of the church	5
york central and	5
of interest to	5
direct from the	5
the tunnels would	5
work is shown	5
by the two	5
excess of the	5
of the angle	5
being put in	5
there can be	5
of the surrounding	5
the work the	5
tests were made	5
the tangent of	5
tunnel had been	5
and bracing for	5
and a large	5
tunnel to be	5
a t i	5
constructed in the	5
tunnel at the	5
a static theory	5
the under side	5
with which the	5
the settlement of	5
about the middle	5
for this work	5
address at the	5
only in the	5
in many cases	5
along the lines	5
terminal of the	5
covered by a	5
extensions to the	5
of electric traction	5
of the d	5
made it possible	5
through the concrete	5
of the sliding	5
four or five	5
that the piston	5
of concrete in	5
under the same	5
the writer that	5
and the operation	5
which were placed	5
several kinds of	5
the floor of	5
would have to	5
back into the	5
be made in	5
nearly all the	5
rock in the	5
the tank is	5
the summer of	5
should be noted	5
that there would	5
in the last	5
and hudson river	5
iron lining was	5
was done at	5
into the sand	5
in which case	5
carried on by	5
the grade line	5
which does not	5
full width of	5
tunnel through the	5
those at the	5
the piston was	5
he was employed	5
inside diameter of	5
of clay was	5
a grade of	5
running at rev	5
brought into the	5
taken to the	5
evident that the	5
head at the	5
up in the	5
were carried on	5
the path of	5
typical working force	5
york and long	5
to allow for	5
voids in the	5
respect to the	5
on the long	5
same as the	5
that the water	5
the joints between	5
was impossible to	5
railroad company for	5
placed in position	5
reason of the	5
to the iron	5
the extent and	5
plans for the	5
and the general	5
the bottoms of	5
between the first	5
air from the	5
the hackensack meadows	5
be considered as	5
to be put	5
and the heavy	5
with the bottom	5
described in detail	5
was made for	5
from under the	5
on august th	5
various operations involved	5
west d street	5
at the leading	5
will be noted	5
the entire length	5
entire length of	5
the difference in	5
hydrostatic head at	5
the concrete on	5
friction on piles	5
the concrete walls	5
order to make	5
by the company	5
to make a	5
concrete lining of	5
east of shaft	5
the deck of	5
was taken from	5
at track level	5
installation of the	5
the form for	5
to be in	5
of the vertical	5
eighth and ninth	5
by the united	5
point of the	5
be made to	5
of concrete lining	5
at first avenue	5
he was also	5
and the water	5
in d and	5
it was to	5
points where the	5
was made in	5
all the unavoidable	5
thus seen that	5
sand used in	5
and the writer	5
the outside tracks	5
over the tunnels	5
the work is	5
the muck was	5
carried down to	5
each of these	5
at the center	5
spent by the	5
the east end	5
grout pipes were	5
time for jacks	5
to more than	5
d streets were	5
at frequent intervals	5
to erect the	5
the line was	5
was caused by	5
independent of the	5
of which are	5
the bay ridge	5
a large amount	5
from the heading	5
on the permanent	5
of the high	5
of the original	5
tests of the	5
that the arch	5
by a system	5
of the results	5
at the d	5
the hydraulic fittings	5
concrete had set	5
in gang i	5
supplied by the	5
were plastered with	5
tunnel extension project	5
concrete was mixed	5
with the design	5
the tunnels at	5
the lowest point	5
may be said	5
the tunnels could	5
of creosoted timber	5
carried by the	5
friction of the	5
in solid rock	5
idea of the	5
separated by a	5
distance of the	5
placed on it	5
more than lb	5
appears to have	5
the charge of	5
yard of the	5
of the silt	5
the sand in	5
line and grade	5
in any way	5
of the air	5
central and hudson	5
a o o	5
rock and part	5
by multiplying the	5
to be considered	5
the addition of	5
in this manner	5
manhattan railroad company	5
york shield chambers	5
and so on	5
suspended from the	5
the points where	5
of the shove	5
including time for	5
avenue and th	5
between coyote and	5
the latter being	5
from jersey city	5
line on the	5
the organization of	5
in tunnels a	5
extent and nature	5
for the same	5
to the construction	5
of repose is	5
hours and min	5
also the extent	5
of the bergen	5
was graduated in	5
of labor in	5
were supported on	5
the stone and	5
and two on	5
the blackwall tunnel	5
shown on general	5
provide for the	5
provided with a	5
from new york	5
while in the	5
in all the	5
the water from	5
the web of	5
of the twin	5
from the center	5
the latter is	5
the river lines	5