quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram	frequency
the top of the	87
the bottom of the	77
of the pennsylvania railroad	59
the face of the	56
the weight of the	46
the surface of the	44
the long island railroad	41
the construction of the	40
as shown in fig	37
it was necessary to	35
at the same time	34
the pennsylvania railroad company	34
american society of civil	33
the end of the	33
society of civil engineers	33
the east side of	33
the level of the	30
as soon as the	29
on account of the	28
of the new york	27
of the long island	27
on the new york	26
new york tunnel extension	25
the remainder of the	25
the sides of the	24
for a distance of	24
was found to be	24
the new york side	24
at the end of	23
the new york tunnel	23
to a depth of	22
the west side of	22
part of the work	22
in the case of	22
in connection with the	21
the center of the	21
of free air per	20
the cost of the	20
chief engineer of the	20
investigations of mine accidents	19
the line of the	19
extension of the pennsylvania	19
questions in reinforced concrete	19
the writer believes that	19
the south side of	19
of new york city	19
federal investigations of mine	19
in reinforced concrete design	19
at the bottom of	19
the elevation of the	19
the angle of repose	19
the center line of	18
in front of the	18
at the rate of	18
york tunnel extension of	18
with the exception of	18
on the manhattan side	18
as shown by fig	18
tunnel extension of the	18
on the east side	18
instituted transactions paper no	17
from center to center	17
engineers instituted transactions paper	17
civil engineers instituted transactions	17
report of special committee	17
of civil engineers instituted	17
final report of special	17
of special committee on	17
committee on rail sections	17
to the top of	17
the removal of the	17
it was found that	17
special committee on rail	17
pennsylvania tunnel and terminal	16
on the south side	16
to the level of	16
the excavation of the	16
in new york city	16
the american society of	16
it was decided to	16
a depth of ft	16
the completion of the	16
of the north river	16
in advance of the	16
the new york central	16
tunnel and terminal railroad	16
on the west side	16
at the top of	15
on the other hand	15
a part of the	15
surface of the rock	15
the tail of the	15
for the purpose of	15
tail of the shield	15
the base of the	15
the new jersey side	15
at the foot of	15
the new york contracting	15
a distance of ft	15
on the north side	15
on the new jersey	14
it will be seen	14
of the american society	14
ninth and tenth avenues	14
a b c b	14
c b c d	14
a member of the	14
the north side of	14
the outside of the	14
each side of the	14
the middle of the	14
the crown of the	14
the roof of the	14
for the construction of	14
the use of the	14
of the east river	14
b c b c	14
the rock surface was	14
in long island city	14
of the top of	14
the new york division	14
the placing of the	13
the ends of the	13
the bergen hill tunnels	13
the early part of	13
end of the work	13
the case of the	13
in the bottom of	13
new york contracting company	13
center line of the	13
east side of the	13
will be seen that	13
the fact that the	13
top of the rail	13
the greater part of	13
is shown on plate	13
by the railroad company	13
of the cutting edge	13
between ninth and tenth	13
of the terminal station	13
under the direction of	12
on top of the	12
under the north river	12
the position of the	12
st and d streets	12
on each side of	12
face of the wall	12
the air pressure was	12
of the bottom of	12
the length of the	12
the concrete lining was	12
the erection of the	12
r r a m	12
the rest of the	12
e e p e	12
greater part of the	12
the latter part of	12
of the concrete lining	11
a pressure of lb	11
on either side of	11
under the east river	11
the back of the	11
the hudson and manhattan	11
at the time of	11
to the fact that	11
the north river tunnels	11
is shown by fig	11
the space between the	11
the west line of	11
weight on the drivers	11
and stability of earth	11
side of the work	11
in order to prevent	11
of the retaining wall	11
side of the river	11
as well as the	11
side of ninth avenue	11
sides of the avenue	11
the tunnels under the	11
of the iron lining	11
from the bottom of	10
the shield was shoved	10
barrels of cement used	10
the weight on the	10
the lower part of	10
the foot of the	10
the el paso and	10
the head of the	10
in charge of the	10
the width of the	10
south side of the	10
as shown on plate	10
surface of the ground	10
as far as possible	10
west side of the	10
construction of the tunnels	10
between seventh and eighth	10
from the top of	10
el paso and southwestern	10
seventh and eighth avenues	10
the north river division	10
presented at the meeting	10
the size of the	10
to the new york	10
depth of about ft	10
avenue and d street	10
it was thought that	10
having a capacity of	10
the pressure on the	10
on the line of	10
the east river division	10
the east river tunnels	10
of the shield was	10
the contractor for the	10
of the metal lining	10
free air per min	9
by the use of	9
the building of the	9
west end of the	9
the rear of the	9
a depth of about	9
the progress of the	9
l t r o	9
in contact with the	9
l u t t	9
the temperature of the	9
i l t r	9
in the early part	9
east side of ninth	9
of cubic yards of	9
line of ninth avenue	9
new york connecting railroad	9
e i i a	9
h l u t	9
as shown by the	9
a concrete water tower	9
at the meeting of	9
the exception of the	9
i i a t	9
locomotive performance on grades	9
had to be taken	9
the west end of	9
in the latter part	9
tunnels b and d	9
d and d streets	9
l n n n	9
a distance of about	9
the direction of the	9
with the new york	9
early part of the	9
at a depth of	9
north side of the	9
on the center line	9
city of new york	9
to the bottom of	9
the atlantic avenue improvement	9
of from to ft	9
member of the american	9
paso and southwestern railway	9
the nature of the	9
free air per minute	9
number of cubic yards	9
d g g s	9
the east line of	9
the city of new	9
into new york city	9
attempt was made to	9
at right angles to	9
on the sides of	9
grades of various lengths	8
the excavation had been	8
h h h h	8
large part of the	8
the board of engineers	8
hudson and manhattan railroad	8
the upper part of	8
at the point of	8
the escape of air	8
it would have been	8
was found that the	8
line of the tunnels	8
on the weehawken side	8
brown on pennsylvania r	8
at the manhattan shaft	8
line of seventh avenue	8
on grades of various	8
was elected a member	8
elected a member of	8
progress of linear in	8
top of the shield	8
of civil engineers on	8
of the construction of	8
l table part w	8
the excavation for the	8
hewett and brown on	8
completion of the work	8
between length r method	8
the point where the	8
by the pennsylvania railroad	8
rings in feet material	8
in the form of	8
in the east river	8
linear in feet material	8
length r method of	8
the capacity of the	8
in feet material e	8
the location of the	8
number progress of linear	8
in diameter and ft	8
and brown on pennsylvania	8
the first avenue shafts	8
as shown on fig	8
rate of number progress	8
in the river tunnels	8
the side of the	8
to a point ft	8
o between length r	8
g g s l	8
n n n a	8
below the surface of	8
in view of the	8
per cubic yard of	8
upper part of the	8
g g g g	8
sand and stone were	8
crown of the tunnel	8
of number progress of	8
n rings in feet	8
the central rock core	8
each pair of tunnels	8
feet material e excavation	8
long island railroad company	8
right angles to the	8
in the center of	8
of linear in feet	8
the pennsylvania tunnel and	8
to the center line	8
are shown on plate	8
the pressure of the	8
and had to be	7
railway engineering and maintenance	7
of the weight on	7
n r r a	7
west of ninth avenue	7
b c d a	7
to the face of	7
back of the retaining	7
loaded by steam shovel	7
at an elevation of	7
the state of new	7
muck loaded by steam	7
performance on grades of	7
of the pennsylvania tunnel	7
when the shield was	7
portion of the work	7
lackawanna and western railroad	7
c d a b	7
for the long island	7
the lines of the	7
back of the wall	7
below mean high water	7
are shown on fig	7
a certain amount of	7
the junction of the	7
lower part of the	7
the north and south	7
the sand and stone	7
new york central railroad	7
of the american railway	7
of the rock was	7
and the long island	7
is shown in fig	7
line of d street	7
railroad of new jersey	7
be seen that the	7
and southwestern railway from	7
american railway engineering and	7
engineering and maintenance of	7
water supply of the	7
during the progress of	7
railway from carrizozo to	7
by the fact that	7
bottom of the excavation	7
west line of seventh	7
time of his death	7
the floors of the	7
the water supply of	7
and maintenance of way	7
president of the pennsylvania	7
seventh avenue and d	7
angle of repose of	7
southwestern railway from carrizozo	7
carrizozo to santa rosa	7
the time of his	7
tunnels under the north	7
pressure of the water	7
are shown in fig	7
the character of the	7
from to from to	7
the beginning of the	7
is shown in table	7
to that of the	7
supply of the el	7
to the weehawken shaft	7
that portion of the	7
i o o t	7
a b c d	7
either side of the	7
the tracks of the	7
face of the bench	7
a e e p	7
the axis of the	7
maintenance of way association	7
all rock bottom heading	7
to the weight of	7
of the west line	7
the top of rail	7
d a b c	7
air pressure in the	7
engineer in charge of	7
it is impossible to	7
side of the avenue	7
of the cost of	7
an angle of repose	7
as long as the	7
and terminal railroad company	7
the height of the	7
from carrizozo to santa	7
was attached to the	7
load and deflection log	7
pounds per square inch	7
of the el paso	7
the material in the	7
above the top of	7
in addition to the	7
the new york connecting	7
the east river and	6
tracks of the new	6
a matter of fact	6
at a pressure of	6
was done by the	6
is believed to be	6
on both sides of	6
the work was done	6
foot of d street	6
the operation of the	6
the permanent steel viaduct	6
in order to allow	6
over the new york	6
plan and profile of	6
level of the top	6
a large quantity of	6
of the shield and	6
the united engineering and	6
by the construction of	6
under the hudson river	6
the excavation was completed	6
in order to provide	6
reinforced concrete pier construction	6
is shown on fig	6
in order that the	6
this part of the	6
axis of the tunnel	6
of the board of	6
the american railway association	6
the new york and	6
the girders c were	6
no attempt was made	6
united engineering and contracting	6
be found by multiplying	6
any section can be	6
the flanges of the	6
of the tunnel lining	6
the use of a	6
the tops of the	6
section can be found	6
the same manner as	6
the quantity of muck	6
engineering and contracting company	6
seventh and ninth avenues	6
the grade of the	6
the application of the	6
as the shield advanced	6
rock bottom heading oct	6
used in any section	6
of cement used for	6
a large part of	6
by the board of	6
the thickness of the	6
south side of st	6
will be described in	6
side of tenth avenue	6
at the top and	6
the rock at the	6
face of the concrete	6
iron lining of the	6
so as to bring	6
of the tunnel and	6
west of the shaft	6
the foot of d	6
and the excavation was	6
of the bridge seat	6
of the river tunnels	6
the total length of	6
east of the west	6
the tunnels and the	6
the excavation on the	6
the average time taken	6
east of seventh avenue	6
of the caisson was	6
tunnels c and d	6
avenue to ninth avenue	6
it was desired to	6
east of ninth avenue	6
for that section in	6
the site of the	6
in any section can	6
line of tenth avenue	6
when the angle of	6
bottom of the shield	6
of the intercepting arch	6
of the south abutment	6
so that it is	6
the limits of the	6
the iron lining of	6
at the beginning of	6
from the face of	6
side of d street	6
the average rate of	6
the elevated railway structure	6
the top and bottom	6
had to be made	6
both sides of the	6
of the tunnel line	6
ultimate load on pile	6
lines a and b	6
retaining and face walls	6
the whole of the	6
of the working chamber	6
the edge of the	6
the construction of a	6
the loss of air	6
it would seem as	6
as a matter of	6
cost per cubic yard	6
described in this paper	6
can be found by	6
the sand and gravel	6
earth pressure and stability	6
the shield could be	6
intervals of about ft	6
the american railway engineering	6
where the rock was	6
the number of cubic	6
the length of time	6
between it and the	6
at intervals of about	6
side of st street	6
van der hoek was	6
the lehigh valley railroad	6
and the work was	6
as possible to the	6
the diameter of the	6
as soon as possible	6
the quantity of water	6
below the top of	6
kinds of ground encountered	6
of the tunnels and	6
in accordance with the	6
the tendency of the	6
the east river to	5
u d g g	5
it is thus seen	5
a o o t	5
of the excavation was	5
part of the arch	5
the permanent viaduct girders	5
part rock and part	5
for the disposal of	5
east of first avenue	5
weight per cubic foot	5
a t i s	5
the sinking of the	5
at seventh avenue and	5
new york shield chambers	5
the section of the	5
in regard to the	5
the cost of labor	5
on the surface of	5
new york central and	5
at long island city	5
the east house line	5
central and hudson river	5
by reason of the	5
the organization of the	5
various operations involved in	5
as in the case	5
it was impossible to	5
of the last ring	5
the various operations involved	5
placing the concrete lining	5
in the rear of	5
on the elevated railway	5
and hudson river railroad	5
the rock cover was	5
as a result of	5
in pounds per square	5
new york and new	5
from the east side	5
in this way the	5
be described in detail	5
the design of the	5
is thus seen that	5
was placed in the	5
all parts of the	5
it was to be	5
the driving of the	5
a n r r	5
load on pile foundations	5
was filled with concrete	5
the long island shafts	5
the bottom of a	5
in the top of	5
of the d street	5
on a large scale	5
from long island city	5
the forms for the	5
average cost per cubic	5
of the permanent viaduct	5
it should be noted	5
from the first avenue	5
of the face of	5
in the state of	5
line between the tunnels	5
about the middle of	5
the thrust of the	5
the river tunnels was	5
at a distance of	5
extensions to the floors	5
distance of about ft	5
a length of about	5
including time for jacks	5
shown on plate xii	5
cutting edge of the	5
pressure due to the	5
where the rock surface	5
of the tunnel was	5
bottom of the rings	5
eighth and ninth avenues	5
the jersey city station	5
and nature of all	5
seventh avenue to ninth	5
quantity of water used	5
at the point where	5
the th street pier	5
it was desirable to	5
the portion of the	5
sunk to a depth	5
g e e p	5
the water from the	5
against the face of	5
of the bergen hill	5
on the surface and	5
with discussion by messrs	5
the same as the	5
of the work in	5
surface of the street	5
address at the d	5
york and new jersey	5
as chief engineer of	5
it was finally decided	5
new york and long	5
the electrification of the	5
part of the time	5
after the completion of	5
north and south tunnels	5
the work under the	5
junction of the shields	5
as far as the	5
a length of ft	5
and the iron lining	5
the walls of the	5
of the avenue was	5
with the pennsylvania railroad	5
involved in building tunnel	5
i r r a	5
iii iii iii iii	5
is due to the	5
parallel to the center	5
he was graduated in	5
could not be used	5
placing of the concrete	5
made it possible to	5
t i s l	5
i a t i	5
of the girders c	5
iv iv iv iv	5
elevation of the top	5
the settlement of the	5
it would seem that	5
entire length of the	5
east side of tenth	5
and the railroad company	5
may be of interest	5
muck loaded by hand	5
i s l n	5
s e i i	5
side of the street	5
the execution of the	5
found by multiplying the	5
that there is a	5
in the vicinity of	5
the full width of	5
d street to the	5
a portion of the	5
state of new york	5
lining was put in	5
to the east side	5
operations involved in building	5
in the construction of	5
the center line between	5
on the long island	5
rock and part earth	5
the details of the	5
made it necessary to	5
to the river shafts	5
the rate of progress	5
in the summer of	5
e i l t	5
a large amount of	5
side of seventh avenue	5
on the outside of	5
the form for the	5
in the middle of	5
on the completion of	5
similar to that of	5
the east end of	5
the friction of the	5
and it was necessary	5
on the bottom of	5
under the charge of	5
and construction of the	5
the members of the	5
top of the ingot	5
the work of the	5
by a system of	5
top of the tunnel	5
the bottoms of the	5
front of the shield	5
center line between the	5
order to prevent the	5
the ducts were laid	5
i i i i	5
roof of the working	5
extent and nature of	5
were used in the	5
s l n n	5
was used for the	5
p s i o	5
several kinds of ground	5
resident engineer of the	5
and manhattan railroad company	5
the form of a	5
of all the unavoidable	5
to the iron lining	5
memoirs of deceased members	5
a large number of	5
also the extent and	5
due to the fact	5
in excess of the	5
the d annual convention	5
was due to the	5
the north river bridge	5
the water in the	5
the extent and nature	5
of the center line	5
required to lift the	5
to be used in	5
ii ii ii ii	5
in order to make	5
were made in the	5
this was done by	5
the installation of the	5
at the leading end	5
to the east river	5
on the basis of	5
the work was carried	5
soft ground in the	5
depth of from to	5
in the design of	5
of the city of	5
work was carried on	5
the east and west	5
the excavated material was	5
and d streets were	5
from seventh avenue to	5
at the d annual	5
tests of creosoted timber	5
of the hudson and	5
the ultimate load on	5
in the united states	5
of the pump chamber	5
york central and hudson	5
by the whole gang	5
at the west end	5
r h l u	5
as to bring the	5
avenue and th street	5
a depth of from	5
for the various operations	5
on the north and	5
the time taken to	5
the support of the	5
a description of the	5
the entire length of	5
appears to have been	5
of one of the	5
the several kinds of	5
sides of the river	5
by the resident engineers	5
the front of the	5
will be found in	5
all the unavoidable delays	5
the duct bench concrete	5
angle of repose is	5
to a height of	5
face of the shield	5
nature of all the	5
the cutting edge of	5
in the south tunnel	5
the long island city	5
a variation of ft	5
of the sump segment	4
to prevent it from	4
the inside of the	4
the soft ground was	4
the leading end of	4
of the same general	4
that the cost of	4
the total weight of	4
lost time n per	4
n rings e ing	4
to the construction of	4
on the side of	4
o o t hy	4
surface and in the	4
the arrangement of the	4
the property of the	4
to shove the shield	4
part w bolting time	4
the chief engineer of	4
the hydrostatic head at	4
and the east river	4
of the retaining walls	4
had charge of the	4
of the wall was	4
to the time of	4
quantity of muck taken	4
u t t e	4
the air cylinders were	4
writer believes that the	4
street and north river	4
e time on bolts	4
in order to give	4
the vicinity of the	4
the time per ring	4
along the lines of	4
execution of the work	4
to which it was	4
work of the terminal	4
tion lost time n	4
at the rear end	4
i s i l	4
a n rings in	4
the rock excavation was	4
at the center of	4
by far the greater	4
the paper by mr	4
of this part of	4
foot of west d	4
bell and spigot pipe	4
removing hood of shield	4
method of l n	4
and thence to the	4
held in place by	4
at the time the	4
shoving shield into silt	4
the elimination of grade	4
so that at the	4
mucking tion lost time	4
f g g g	4
lining of the tunnels	4
o s h l	4
to hold back the	4
between seventh and ninth	4
of the face wall	4
h ave a t	4
nature of the ground	4
excavation on the sides	4
as it could be	4
great northern grafton greenough	4
was one of the	4
a section of the	4
the time of the	4
concrete was placed in	4
quantities of sand and	4
of the tunnel in	4
t t i s	4
showing condition of work	4
tunnel through the several	4
the same as that	4
new york city and	4
at the south shaft	4
one of the most	4
the rock on the	4
the cutting edge was	4
on the construction of	4
building tunnel through the	4
of l n n	4
s i l t	4
to the writer that	4
the whole length of	4
a little more than	4
the contract was let	4
metal lining of the	4
which he was graduated	4
were then put in	4
time n per ring	4
the same as for	4
a capacity of cu	4
during the period of	4
through the form and	4
should be made for	4
in d and d	4
a r section r	4
where the top of	4
of seventh avenue and	4
progress of the excavation	4
per linear foot of	4
within the limits of	4
r cubic per and	4
delays e average time	4
tunnel a and b	4
the ends of these	4
the movement of the	4
r o r section	4
shoving r cubic per	4
o o t i	4
f e s i	4
as the cutting edge	4
was used in the	4
and execution of the	4
top of the curb	4
a p d g	4
of the work under	4
north and east rivers	4
ing f g g	4
of the solid material	4
of the tunnel with	4
increasing the capacity of	4
hold back the water	4
in average i o	4
the new york shield	4
station at seventh avenue	4
in order to avoid	4
i a t o	4
in order to keep	4
on which it was	4
material e excavation d	4
the typical working force	4
the tunnels could be	4
ahead of the shield	4
t t e i	4
in a general way	4
street between seventh and	4
was decided to use	4
cubic mucking tion lost	4
time per ring taken	4
out of an orifice	4
is shown by figs	4
the building of a	4
the end of each	4
the concrete had set	4
r n o between	4
the tangent of the	4
excavation had to be	4
one end of the	4
and b intermediate shaft	4
time total items hrs	4
air d g i	4
r a m r	4
will be noted that	4
the underside of the	4
description in gang i	4
so as to give	4
to zero at the	4
is more or less	4
i o f r	4
most of which were	4
of the wall and	4
average i o per	4
pressure per square foot	4
of cement used in	4
table part w ave	4
the metal lining of	4
with a capacity of	4
of the concrete was	4
of damage done in	4
part of the face	4
on bolts after i	4
t r o s	4
for ring e erection	4
drivers which is utilized	4
the viaducts or bridges	4
of part rock and	4
table part w av	4
the floor of the	4
excavation a b c	4
to the rock surface	4
side of the tunnel	4
by the members of	4
erecting iron and driving	4
men i description in	4
repairs of damage done	4
equal to the weight	4
l table summary part	4
final position of the	4
from seventh avenue and	4
and long island city	4
at d street and	4
a t air d	4
the work of excavation	4
r o s e	4
description of the work	4
in connection with this	4
o r section u	4
were made by the	4
was transferred to the	4
the extension of the	4
rail committee of the	4
the long island shields	4
the contract for the	4
approved by the board	4
street from seventh avenue	4
same as for the	4
as a part of	4
as nearly as possible	4
across the north river	4
was held in place	4
e a r section	4
the turbidity of the	4
t a p d	4
to the tendency of	4
r r r r	4
the benefit of the	4
table summary part w	4
was then decided to	4
e s i o	4
excavation of shield chamber	4
r r r o	4
shield into silt with	4
by the time the	4
r section r s	4
the description of the	4
so that when the	4
of the river tunnel	4
e description in gang	4
n a n rings	4
pier at the foot	4
i ring is complete	4
would have to be	4
the writer agrees with	4
side of bergen hill	4
are given in table	4
eastward from the station	4
the writer has made	4
north side of d	4
the rail to the	4
zero at the bottom	4
the concrete for the	4
of muck taken in	4
middle of the river	4
of men e description	4
in the path of	4
was carried on by	4
of the surface of	4
the points where the	4
section of the tunnel	4
the concrete of the	4
pennsylvania railroad company for	4
taken place so as	4
and the face was	4
work was in progress	4
on the central rock	4
with reference to the	4
time e time on	4
as compared with the	4
reaching new york city	4
tunnels east of the	4
shaft and preliminary headings	4
the north and east	4
which position he held	4
details of shelters and	4
of the rail to	4
rock on the new	4
all rock center heading	4
number of station lin	4
passes out of rock	4
i r r r	4
r section u e	4
concrete lining was put	4
as soon as a	4
unavoidable delays e average	4
to be able to	4
section u d g	4
of d street and	4
to lift the piston	4
ring of permanent cast	4
the time of its	4
also a member of	4
on a level with	4
the streets and avenues	4
part w unavoidable delays	4
for the material in	4
seem to indicate that	4
there was a small	4
of the hudson river	4
up to the level	4
r f e s	4
full face of silt	4
size of the gang	4
r r f e	4
and filled with concrete	4
air t a p	4
n n a n	4
location and construction of	4
the web of the	4
o f r h	4
east line of tenth	4
cost of labor in	4
in the filtered water	4
in tunnels b and	4
of the arch were	4
not included in average	4
west of tenth avenue	4
table summary part ave	4
b b f yd	4
of the work the	4
the rock and the	4
of ninth avenue and	4
as shown by figs	4
h air t a	4
and between eighth and	4
r a m ring	4
stages of the work	4
a t o between	4
a m r section	4
to the west side	4
of the angle of	4
total items hrs min	4
n n a r	4
were set up on	4
average time t i	4
face of the heading	4
twin tunnel a and	4
the same general type	4
a m ring f	4
r method of l	4
o t per yd	4
the accuracy of the	4
hydrostatic head at the	4
included in average i	4
excavation d g g	4
the rail committee of	4
stresses due to the	4
by the new york	4
east and west of	4
lining of shield chambers	4
were attached to the	4
of the weight of	4
was taken out in	4
roof of the tunnel	4
in which case the	4
a capacity of about	4
of new jersey and	4
e excavation d g	4
the final position of	4
were located in the	4
to be put in	4
p e i and	4
n rings h h	4
rails of the heat	4
earth and rock bottom	4
and the amount of	4
summary part w unavoidable	4
was fitted with a	4
iron lining of shield	4
in in in in	4
r section u d	4
at the present time	4
time t i no	4
taken for the various	4
part of this section	4
it was possible to	4
above the surface of	4
over the top of	4
o o t per	4
was divided into two	4
ring taken for the	4
has taken place so	4
toward the end of	4
i o s h	4
on the top of	4
f r h l	4
railway structure of the	4
the writer has been	4
rings h h h	4
as much as possible	4
of weight on drivers	4
tunnels a and c	4
of the face was	4
the sand in the	4
similar to those used	4
views of tested timbers	4
east side of th	4
the concrete in the	4
along the line of	4
e p e o	4
the question of the	4
u e i i	4
tunnels under the east	4
he was elected a	4
to provide for the	4
of men i description	4
care was taken to	4
the working chamber was	4
r o p s	4
it was then decided	4
o yards cubic mucking	4
grout pipes were built	4
u t t i	4
by the tangent of	4
i o per ring	4
at th street and	4
going out of rock	4
was made up of	4
was the same as	4
tangent of the angle	4
the part of the	4
whole time e time	4
excavating ahead of shield	4
the stresses due to	4
o s e i	4
south end of the	4
the lower face wall	4
t e i l	4
o p s i	4
of the rapid transit	4
across the hackensack meadows	4
w unavoidable delays e	4
through the several kinds	4
spent by the whole	4
flanges of the metal	4
central railroad of new	4
the load on the	4
were put in place	4
t r o r	4
in the concrete lining	4
the elevated railway columns	4
g s l o	4
on the north river	4
the central railroad of	4
m ring f c	4
weight of the structure	4
the amount of excavation	4
a little below the	4
to the outside of	4
of the length of	4
yards cubic mucking tion	4
of rock on the	4
and rock bottom heading	4
to the north of	4
placed in the bottom	4
s i o s	4
to the grade of	4
and long island railroad	4
work to be done	4
rock going out of	4
for a short distance	4
it may be well	4
south of d street	4
east line of ninth	4
i o r r	4
a n rings h	4
h average time t	4
g i o r	4
for use in the	4
the new york station	4
percentage of weight on	4
was placed on the	4
pipes were built in	4
a level with the	4
of water used in	4
p d g i	4
from which he was	4
the greater portion of	4
by the end of	4
of west d street	4
to the commencement of	4
per ring taken for	4
it is believed that	4
on the under side	4
ninth avenue elevated railway	4
of sand and stone	4
in building tunnel through	4
cubic per and erec	4
air lock bulkhead wall	4
division of the pennsylvania	4
with felt and pitch	4
new york city by	4
at the new york	4
w of men e	4
bolts after i ring	4
records were kept of	4
by the shield method	4
by the tunnel company	4
out of rock on	4
the total quantity of	4
work in tunnel a	4
found to be about	4
t i s i	4
g i r r	4
of the heat will	4
e excavation a b	4
of shelters and platforms	4
elimination of grade crossings	4
to the question of	4
n per ring yard	4
showing the size of	4
of the trailing platform	4
divided by the tangent	4
to be taken out	4
to the railroad company	4
i and o k	4
and the time per	4
from the weehawken shaft	4
were placed under the	4
the temporary shoring girders	4
an elevation of ft	4
t o between length	4
for the use of	4
it will be noted	4
the deck of the	4
the east river gas	4
e a n rings	4
r a m drau	4
york and long island	4
a and b intermediate	4
between eighth and ninth	4
o r r r	4
table showing the size	4
place so as to	4
may be well to	4
e of men i	4
was used as a	4
s h l u	4
e i and o	4
from station to station	4
the work in the	4
i description in gang	4
flow out of an	4
e ing f g	4
west of fifth avenue	4
after i ring is	4
shield could be shoved	4
the average number of	4
to the line of	4
decrease to zero at	4
e p e i	4
e p e lic	4
total length of the	4
on the pumping main	4
sized twin tunnel a	4
to the present time	4
of the same size	4
the width of base	4
p e o between	4
time per t no	4
ave a t air	4
material e excavation a	4
the retaining walls in	4
the total cost of	4
r r o p	4
time for ring e	4
description in gang g	4
average time taken to	4
which is utilized in	4
after the concrete had	4
the shield was being	4
at the rear of	4
a large proportion of	4
of the meadows division	4
cubic yard of excavation	4
the joints between the	4
the construction of these	4
time on bolts after	4
when the weight of	4
all earth soft ground	4
men e description in	4
the invert of the	4
the foot of west	4
will be described under	4
of the work to	4
of all excavated material	4
and from to ft	4
the rock was very	4
s i o f	4
it may be said	4
in such a way	4
below the street surface	4
d g i r	4
the work to be	4
east end of the	4
of sand used in	4
will be described later	4
line of the track	4
d g i o	4
from the center of	4
is given in table	4
filled with sand and	4
time spent by the	4
the bridge over the	4
rings e ing f	4
t air d g	4
the plane of repose	4
iron and driving shield	4
r r r f	4
at each of the	4
r e a n	4
from time to time	4
features of the work	4
first air lock bulkhead	4
section u e i	4
some mooted questions in	4
the shield was stopped	4
below the level of	4
table part w bolting	4
and two on the	4
for the new york	4
as soon as it	3
various classes of work	3
the rate of from	3
the distance piece and	3
rock surface was broken	3
of bed mortar equivalent	3
from the east line	3
advance of the shield	3
involved the excavation of	3
the pennsylvania railroad tunnels	3
after the superimposed load	3
the results of these	3
bottom fell to the	3
vehicular traffic was turned	3
tunneling in compressed air	3
fitted with sectional sliding	3
due to the thrust	3
to support the structure	3
of the street surface	3
of the contractor for	3
and the shield was	3
hoods and fixed extensions	3
was thought that the	3
as shown in table	3
much the same manner	3
of a number of	3
a manner similar to	3
to an average of	3
and fixed extensions to	3
felt and pitch water	3
large quantity of water	3
extended from station to	3
the voids in the	3
from the manhattan shaft	3
shown on plate lxi	3
top heading on the	3
the rear wall of	3
center of the city	3
assistant chief engineer of	3
proportionately to the depth	3
acted as resident engineer	3
interborough rapid transit company	3
a drift was driven	3
in tunnel a was	3
retaining walls are a	3
the full hydrostatic head	3
per day of hours	3
cost to the contractor	3
walls are a maximum	3
on the river front	3
bisecting the angle between	3
is impossible to say	3
and the air pressure	3
the use of compressed	3
no arch action can	3
at the tail of	3
east of the cut	3
the opening in the	3
of damage done by	3
hour after the superimposed	3
material is composed of	3
is believed that the	3
the ordinary type of	3
erecting the iron lining	3
line from bonito creek	3
would indicate that the	3
the wall of the	3
the pump chamber was	3
j i o o	3
be shown by the	3
r e a r	3
under the influence of	3
westward from long island	3
in each of the	3
parts of the work	3
received at the form	3
brought up to the	3
side of th ave	3
and strata of newly	3
done by blasting and	3
entered the service of	3
careful reading of the	3
of the remainder of	3
line of the bottom	3
the work of construction	3
fixed hoods and fixed	3
of these girders were	3
this section on account	3
teamed to the shaft	3
details of the work	3
after the excavation was	3
at the level of	3
railroads reaching the west	3
at intervals of ft	3
in the single tunnels	3
west shore of the	3
was loaded by hand	3
the d street shaft	3
a short distance east	3
the excavation was carried	3
contractor for the cross	3
the sections of the	3
current for which was	3
cleaned out and filled	3
pressure at the top	3
long island city shafts	3
buried in the sand	3
on account of damage	3
were of the same	3
the development of this	3
a rated capacity of	3
length of time required	3
of the way of	3
permit the placing of	3
outside circumference of the	3
line of st street	3
manhattan and long island	3
the performance of the	3
section was removed on	3
d and th streets	3
between sixth and seventh	3
were tied together by	3
of the lehigh valley	3
were made of the	3
came out of the	3
the pressure due to	3
the collapse of the	3
to support the roof	3
where the roof was	3
the central portion of	3
character of the stresses	3
the tunnel passes out	3
the thickness of key	3
of the excavation had	3
the box with his	3
duct bench concrete was	3
the stability of the	3
of the twin tunnel	3
material trestle over n	3
with regard to the	3
displaced by the tunnel	3
in a previous paper	3
receipt and unloading of	3
into the shield and	3
it would have had	3
the west shore of	3
the new england states	3
the iron and the	3
than those at the	3
part of the new	3
west of sixth avenue	3
the passage of the	3
as that of the	3
carried down to the	3
average time taken for	3
when it was found	3
of the test pieces	3
as it was desirable	3
the tunnel of the	3
multiplying the figure for	3
top of the arch	3
distance piece and key	3
yards of bed mortar	3
the rapid transit subway	3
was mixed in a	3
was more than ft	3
the long island side	3
flanges of the iron	3
site of the terminal	3
excavation had been taken	3
girders c in place	3
cement per cubic yard	3
was for labor and	3
in a manner similar	3
elevations were taken on	3
of the avenue were	3
to connect with the	3
the pressure in the	3
as will be seen	3
was a small gang	3
the length of a	3
in the tunnels during	3
removal of a plate	3
top of the hill	3
sixth and seventh avenues	3
some of the exposed	3
was with the new	3
be made for the	3
under the same conditions	3
full width of the	3
the fact that in	3
it was thought best	3
in the upper part	3
to a uniform thickness	3
sand used in any	3
of a few feet	3
the work in soft	3
served as chief engineer	3
due to the water	3
in tunnels c and	3
in much the same	3
the other end of	3
in contact with it	3
the location and construction	3
the stone and sand	3
base of the retaining	3
east of the east	3
and rock center heading	3
center line of d	3
is likely to be	3
this section was removed	3
test pieces shall be	3
in the north river	3
first chutes in operation	3
and the north river	3
he does not believe	3
in the streets and	3
the pier at the	3
a water pressure of	3
in loading material from	3
out of the way	3
blasting and was replaced	3
the under side of	3
new york division tracks	3
tunnel in d street	3
through holes in the	3
the meeting of may	3
was also a member	3
should be noted that	3
and the remainder of	3
of seventh avenue to	3
of the most important	3
showing rock excavation and	3
it was determined to	3
the piston was plunged	3
total average cost per	3
meeting of may th	3
was necessary to have	3
the layers of clay	3
the ground at the	3
from the terminal station	3
ring f c a	3
barrels of cement per	3
carried up to a	3
reference type of lining	3
the tunnels were under	3
tunnels could be made	3
cables attached to rods	3
in the paper by	3
the south edge of	3
under the head of	3
to the hackensack portal	3
the name of the	3
was done at the	3
use of compressed air	3
earth and rock going	3
progress of the work	3
was let to the	3
the top of each	3
would seem to indicate	3
in the rock at	3
the hoppers of the	3
in the original design	3
of the shield chambers	3
bottom of the river	3
of the holes were	3
a junction with the	3
in the weehawken shaft	3
position of the tunnel	3
in tunnels a and	3
engineer on the construction	3
which will be described	3
leading through the wall	3
provision was made for	3
the space between it	3
the average quantity of	3
on the south edge	3
full face of sand	3
from the long island	3
to see that the	3
long island railroad to	3
passengers to and from	3
could be taken out	3
cubic yard of concrete	3
method is shown by	3
was about as follows	3
the lowest point of	3
bearing power of soil	3
transactions of the american	3
in this case the	3
the concrete and the	3
the tunnel to be	3
at eleventh avenue and	3
then put in place	3
from bonito creek to	3
whole height of the	3
bottom of the hole	3
of the center of	3
and location of the	3
the average force employed	3
y r n o	3
was graduated from the	3
was necessary to support	3
of all materials except	3
map of manhattan island	3
side of the east	3
mixed rock cut feb	3
at the form in	3
the tunnels near the	3
by to square partially	3
per day general foreman	3
hoods and sliding extensions	3
the whole height of	3
the boundary line between	3
new york city railway	3
of timbering face in	3
the lines and grades	3
in the new york	3
posts were placed under	3
the next fifteen years	3
the point at which	3
of the rock surface	3
of concrete lining of	3
in the pumping main	3
the upper deck of	3
front of the bulkhead	3
of the work it	3
the toe of the	3
was placed at the	3
arch thrust is greater	3
per cubic run of	3
top of the sand	3
of the structure was	3
at each side of	3
at e in hours	3
in diameter and in	3
rock and earth r	3
inner edges of the	3
height from to ft	3
of this section was	3
to a junction with	3
a top heading on	3
had been put in	3
of pressure due to	3
given in succeeding papers	3
the control of the	3
of the line and	3
near the middle of	3
cement used for bed	3
it does not seem	3
the iron lining was	3
this is due to	3
the excavation from the	3
rail and locking device	3
was sent to the	3
the concrete was finished	3
in the circumferential flanges	3
new jersey and the	3
by the pressure on	3
of the elevated railway	3
have been described in	3
was evident that the	3
long island railroad station	3
general features of the	3
for the full width	3
were used on the	3
intrados of the arch	3
for in the specifications	3
similar to that described	3
the extent of the	3
a r section u	3
the harrison transfer yard	3
shore of the north	3
through the soft ground	3
pressure required to lift	3
on a timber trestle	3
the service of the	3
the office of the	3
definite thickness of key	3
ejected through the iron	3
the average amount of	3
to the thrust of	3
on a small scale	3
on the part of	3
grouted into the rock	3
of part earth and	3
this was being done	3
the work was undertaken	3
the interior surface of	3
the interborough rapid transit	3
strata of newly excavated	3
cubic yards of concrete	3
in the erection of	3
for the rest of	3
organization of the engineering	3
from there to the	3
e f g h	3
board of estimate and	3
was placed over the	3
of the rail of	3
sides of the trench	3
whole length of the	3
the metal lining is	3
to a point where	3
of the bench and	3
of the tunnel at	3
tunnel of the hudson	3
was carried up to	3
tunnel passes out of	3
to the difficulty of	3
were removed and the	3
chief engineer for the	3
and this was done	3
position he held until	3
was removed on account	3
the concrete was received	3
for the east river	3
of the concrete and	3
the presence of the	3
it is found that	3
the exception of those	3
a square foot of	3
on a square foot	3
constructed under the direction	3
upper deck of the	3
and the girders c	3
be given by the	3
were kept of the	3
is well known that	3
hudson and manhattan tunnels	3
the case of those	3
tunnel excavation under d	3
for the length of	3
the new york district	3
the construction of bridges	3
of the base of	3
order to place the	3
the board of rapid	3
material in the area	3
south by to square	3
at top and bottom	3
this section of the	3
independently of the water	3
that one of the	3
to give access to	3
on a basis of	3
the design of permanent	3
with his foot sufficiently	3
the forms were removed	3
long island railroad and	3
the results of the	3
the different kinds of	3
it was not possible	3
the structure while the	3
so far as the	3
two on the south	3
on opposite sides of	3
it be assumed that	3
into the undisturbed material	3
on the terminal station	3
cubic yards of bed	3
north of d street	3
for a depth of	3
is a view of	3
one of one of	3
the board of aldermen	3
were placed against the	3
the action of the	3
to get a good	3
having a rated capacity	3
at the junction of	3
were filled with water	3
the joints of the	3
by the united engineering	3
the holes were drilled	3
of the shield in	3
east house line of	3
were left in place	3
be noted that this	3
superimposed load had been	3
yards of sand used	3
commissioners of the city	3
thrust is greater in	3
and in the tunnel	3
by four drills mounted	3
on a grade of	3
an hour after the	3
out of the sand	3
and the weight of	3
portland cement and sand	3
at from to lb	3
rear end of the	3
e j i o	3
west of the west	3
of the ordinary type	3
in case of a	3
been made to the	3
that this is not	3
allowing the piston to	3
for the first ten	3
while the shield was	3
the form had been	3
was replaced by a	3
to full width and	3
was the original intention	3
the figures for that	3
was furnished by the	3
top and decrease to	3
the face at the	3
has been given to	3
of that portion of	3
under the ends of	3
of the water in	3
not in contact with	3
by multiplying the figure	3
maximum at the top	3
and through new york	3
the depth of the	3
the execution of this	3
the spaces between the	3
middle of the tunnel	3
the reaction from the	3
the concrete was placed	3
the flatbush avenue terminal	3
may be stated that	3
once collapsed and the	3
excavation and iron lining	3
and braced from the	3
per foot per bent	3
the quantity of air	3
due to the weight	3
is not to be	3
the distance of the	3
to the elevation of	3
the surface and in	3
is assumed to be	3
each of the five	3
looking north from st	3
four or five times	3
chief engineer of electric	3
tunnels are shown on	3
placing of the lining	3
the disposal of material	3
sum of the figures	3
stone used in any	3
showing first chutes in	3
a maximum at the	3
at the elevation of	3
by the contractor for	3
one of which was	3
floors of the working	3
the sewers in the	3
any of the material	3
that there is no	3
retaining wall was built	3
that some of the	3
on the lehigh valley	3
per day per shield	3
when the excavation had	3
shield was about tons	3
of the exposed sand	3
similar to the one	3
yard tunnel center to	3
height from the top	3
dislodge some of the	3
pair of bore segments	3
manhattan gas light company	3
would have been a	3
be approved by the	3
earth and rock center	3
a connection with the	3
to indicate that the	3
and decrease to zero	3
it appears to be	3
to the west line	3
in the presence of	3
and the cost of	3
the construction and operation	3
of the manhattan gas	3
the heat will be	3
the quality of the	3
at the base of	3
new york city in	3
water and gas pipes	3
railroad commissioners of the	3
floor of the trailing	3
was in charge of	3
in order to permit	3
to the terminal station	3
this was done in	3
which had been driven	3
were placed in the	3
short distance east of	3
that of the author	3
iron tunnel lining was	3
lines of the tunnels	3
at the other end	3
with sectional sliding hoods	3
doubt that the top	3
he designed and built	3
railroad of two tracks	3
drills mounted on two	3
the air pressure in	3
in the office of	3
to take up the	3
to the height of	3
damage done in loading	3
years ago the writer	3
the writer does not	3
the arch was built	3
in the development of	3
and dumped into the	3
by means of the	3
of the tunnel passes	3
the manhattan gas light	3
varying in thickness from	3
average force per shift	3
northern railroad of new	3
before the concrete was	3
to the center of	3
to and from the	3
in order to place	3
the arch at once	3
in the north tunnel	3
to act as a	3
was to be excavated	3
to the rock and	3
c d e f	3
side of the caisson	3
division and harrison transfer	3
filled with water and	3
of the duct bench	3
the rear end of	3
that there would be	3
the inner edges of	3
and in which the	3
of the permanent steel	3
of the lining was	3
that the work was	3
about equal to the	3
method of timbering face	3
the church of st	3
diameter of the tunnel	3
section of the line	3
a typical working gang	3
rock bottom heading feb	3
k r e a	3
of the wall at	3
features of the project	3
for telephone and telegraph	3
avenue to the east	3
section r s y	3
of the erie railroad	3
distance east of the	3
the segments of the	3
the locations of the	3
soon as the shield	3
his foot sufficiently to	3
jostled the box with	3
the top timbers are	3
as fast as it	3
the long island shaft	3
were placed on the	3
at a temperature of	3
the center lines of	3
was appointed chief engineer	3
cost of labor and	3
east of the shaft	3
north and two on	3
made it impossible to	3
yards of concrete in	3
reaction from the superstructure	3
and the bottom fell	3
the pile was to	3
section in column by	3
the tunnels at the	3
were used at each	3
through new york city	3
the path of the	3
of brooklyn and queens	3
n o between muck	3
at the outside circumference	3
the point of view	3
the construction of this	3
would not have been	3
west side of ninth	3
while those on the	3
below the bottom of	3
proved to be the	3
down to the level	3
at least of the	3
to be the most	3
done in loading material	3
this portion of the	3
was of the standard	3
in a structure of	3
per month assistant tunnel	3
the plans for the	3
foot of the hill	3
from tenth avenue to	3
mooted questions in reinforced	3
weight of the cast	3
the commencement of the	3
work between ninth and	3
arch at once collapsed	3
that the sand was	3
great care was taken	3
the cutting edge and	3
where there was a	3
walls were built in	3
this is shown on	3
the bottom fell to	3
of the wall to	3
was placed under contract	3
of any of the	3
the opening of the	3
shape of the tunnel	3
east river to the	3
railroad company and the	3
the skin friction on	3
of cement per cubic	3
as to the question	3
of the church of	3
in order to obtain	3
the concrete was deposited	3
the shields in tunnels	3
the rate of grade	3
it may be stated	3
by blasting and was	3
at each end of	3
be noted that the	3
and in such a	3
pressure on the bottom	3
face of the rock	3
the pressure at the	3
forms were to be	3
mounted on two columns	3
rock tunnel excavation under	3
the flow of water	3
of ninth avenue was	3
weight of the water	3
and the placing of	3
four drills mounted on	3
was decided to adopt	3
for an angle of	3
underpinning of ninth avenue	3
side of the pier	3
hrs min hrs min	3
top of the bridge	3
of supporting elevated railway	3
in a vertical position	3
writer jostled the box	3
of newly excavated banks	3
excavation had been done	3
it was soon found	3
the sum of the	3
concrete lining of shield	3
the retaining wall was	3
not more than ft	3
pressures against retaining walls	3
angles to the center	3
of each pair of	3
from the time of	3
that used on the	3
the various parts of	3
after the forms were	3
be at least ft	3
yards of crushed stone	3
solution of the problem	3
in hours and min	3
the southern pacific railroad	3
a railroad of two	3
tunnel for a distance	3
on the meadows division	3
heavily than those at	3
order to permit the	3
the rock was of	3
external diameter of the	3
this made it necessary	3
heading had been driven	3
and was replaced by	3
the distance between the	3
against retaining walls are	3
board of rapid transit	3
and the new york	3
lift rail and locking	3
in front of it	3
twice as great as	3
load had been removed	3
may be taken as	3
edge of the pier	3
reading of the paper	3
was thought best to	3
between the first and	3
uniform thickness of in	3
from east of seventh	3
the shape of the	3
to be set up	3
a bottom heading was	3
the arch thrust is	3
of the southern pacific	3
and for this reason	3
d street shaft was	3
out and filled with	3
of the distance piece	3
th street and north	3
bay ridge tunnel sewer	3
are stressed more heavily	3
rapid transit railroad commissioners	3
of the figures for	3
area at track level	3
they are of the	3
the south end of	3
surface was broken through	3
c a e e	3
on completion of the	3
of one of one	3
be attached to the	3
was constructed under the	3
and o k r	3
a uniform thickness of	3
sectional sliding hoods and	3
in d street and	3
had to be supported	3
and it may be	3
at the harrison transfer	3
portion of the line	3
d e f g	3
a way that the	3
of the land tunnel	3
at the pier head	3
o k r e	3
appointed chief engineer of	3
the iron lining in	3
section of the concrete	3
for the same reason	3
all materials except rock	3
the barrel of the	3
s y r n	3
end of the division	3
of sand and gravel	3
point at which the	3
be of interest to	3
the inside diameter of	3
account of damage done	3
fell to the ground	3
of river bulkhead wall	3
in the same way	3
portion of the south	3
for the first period	3
tunnels of the hudson	3
and rock going out	3
on the surface at	3
lining of the tunnel	3
between the rock and	3
the dimensions of the	3
when the air pressure	3
section of concrete lining	3
one on each side	3
for the river tunnels	3
elevation of the tunnel	3
south edge of the	3
across the east river	3
the tunnels east of	3
of the two tunnels	3
full width and bench	3
rubble masonry retaining wall	3
d b b f	3
the excavation for and	3
length of the section	3
was received at the	3
the writer jostled the	3
for the support of	3
b c d e	3
month assistant tunnel superintendent	3
in the manner described	3
and operation of the	3
line of the tunnel	3
concrete lining was placed	3
cubic yards of facing	3
beginning of the train	3
about an hour after	3
there was a middle	3
concrete was put in	3
at the north shaft	3
the bank of ducts	3
and on the weehawken	3
more heavily than those	3
provision had to be	3
masonry retaining wall was	3
sand and gravel were	3
the method of construction	3
order to allow the	3
the tunnels from the	3
i r o cu	3
a i r r	3
sliding hoods and sliding	3
and parallel to the	3
up to the present	3
the condition of the	3
cubic yards of sand	3
at once collapsed and	3
and profile of the	3
office and plant depreciation	3
were located so that	3
central portion of the	3
of the tunnels under	3
this proved to be	3
rock center heading mar	3
allowed to stand for	3
lowest point of the	3
built up to the	3
invert of the tunnel	3
that would have been	3
the work on the	3
the side toward the	3
it was not thought	3
length of about ft	3
of the tunnel to	3
damage done by blasting	3
first pair of bore	3
the pressure of water	3
all the work was	3
sliding extensions to the	3
south of the south	3
memoir prepared by w	3
above the bottom of	3
but it was finally	3
boroughs of brooklyn and	3
a certain quantity of	3
each of the four	3
the concrete was dumped	3
under the long island	3
shown by the fact	3
yards of embedded stone	3
the north river to	3
and chief engineer of	3
the portions of thirty	3
between coyote and corona	3
of estimate and apportionment	3
newark and jersey city	3
after the form had	3
was made with the	3
opposite sides of the	3
tunnels of the pennsylvania	3
by the city of	3
brought into the tunnel	3
in the ordinary manner	3
for the most part	3
the roof and sides	3
water used in the	3
at the th street	3
had been taken out	3
leading end of the	3
west line of fifth	3
gas and water mains	3
at the commencement of	3
removed on account of	3
the board of estimate	3
edges of the flanges	3
an attempt was made	3
the doors of the	3
of this section on	3
was divided into three	3
cubic yards of embedded	3
the caisson was lowered	3
the upper end of	3
per cubic foot of	3
was connected with the	3
tunnels under ninth avenue	3
of the same rate	3
the muck from the	3
center to excavation center	3
owing to the difficulty	3
execution of the project	3
brace and francis mason	3
through the soft material	3
by a general electric	3
east of the long	3
will be given in	3
the average length of	3
remainder of the excavation	3
the top and decrease	3
shown on plate xxx	3
the joints in the	3
a structure of this	3
and the rock to	3
of the work is	3
with fixed hoods and	3
were taken to the	3
in each tunnel where	3
design of permanent structures	3
shall be free from	3
the writer believes the	3
pressure on the face	3
the lining of the	3
at the weehawken shaft	3
which it was dumped	3
there can be no	3
turned over to the	3
the concrete was mixed	3
pennsylvania tunnel terminal r	3
and west of the	3
taken out of the	3
was worked by a	3
he was also a	3
the outside circumference of	3
end of the period	3
problems similar to the	3
tunnel center to excavation	3
it is well known	3
the bed of the	3
the lower end of	3
slopes and strata of	3
passenger and freight traffic	3
new york side and	3
and harrison transfer yard	3
the superstructure was erected	3
far as the writer	3
the plane of the	3
within the terminal area	3
as a further precaution	3
the figure for that	3
normal slopes and strata	3
beyond the limits of	3
of interest to note	3
the original intention to	3
linear foot of tunnel	3
the intrados of the	3
line of fifth avenue	3
excessive loss of air	3
but it should be	3
and it was thought	3
weight on drivers which	3
of facing mortar equivalent	3
of the sewers in	3
the hackensack river draw	3
a top heading was	3
box with his foot	3
that it would have	3
part of the tunnel	3
city station of the	3
a large portion of	3
the pressure required to	3
it had to be	3
jacobus van der hoek	3
sides of the viaduct	3
various parts of the	3
of the requirements of	3
chief office and plant	3
stop and release valve	3