Distant Reader - subject-popes-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 18 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,440,011 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 80,000 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

pope, church, one, great, rome, time, god, made, king, also, first, may, will, christ, power, many, yet, much, men, popes, bishop, hee, good, haue, man, now, princes, without, people, might, shall, cardinal, two, say, saith, peter, bishops, things, make, holy, de, emperour, cardinals, therefore, bee, place, doth, authority, lord, city

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The lives of the popes from the time of our saviour Jesus Christ, to the reign of Sixtus IV / written originally in Latine by Baptista Platina ... and translated into English, and the same history continued from the year 1471 to this present time, wherein the most remarkable passages of Christendom, both in church and state are treated of and described, by Paul Rycaut ..., A treatise of the Pope''s supremacy to which is added A discourse concerning the unity of the church / by Isaac Barrow ..., and Two treatises the first, of the liues of the popes, and their doctrine. The second, of the masse: the one and the other collected of that, which the doctors, and ancient councels, and the sacred Scripture do teach. Also, a swarme of false miracles, wherewith Marie de la Visitacion, prioresse de la Annuntiada of Lisbon, deceiued very many: and how she was discouered, and condemned. The second edition in Spanish augmented by the author himselfe, M. Cyprian Valera, and translated into English by Iohn Golburne. 1600..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

saint peter, iesus christ, mean time, every one, made pope, saint paul, french king, holy scripture, roman church, christian princes, holy ghost, pope leo, general council, long time, may bee, english books, early english, short time, let vs, thousand crowns, created pope, whole church, one day, chosen pope, like manner, every day, temporall power, books online, holy supper, christian religion, two years, one another, de la, catholick church, donna olympia, don alonso, whole world, jesus christ, learned men, every thing, take away, general synod, shall bee, pope gregory, great part, papal chair, three years, papal authority, saith saint, hundred thousand

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The history of popery, or, Pacquet of advice from Rome the fourth volume containing the lives of eighteen popes and the most remarkable occurrences in the church, for near one hundred and fifty years, viz. from the beginning of Wickliff''s preaching, to the first appearance of Martin Luther, intermixt with several large polemical discourses, as whether the present Church of Rome be to be accounted a Church of Christ, whether any Protestant may be present at Mass and other important subjects : together with continued courants, or innocent reflections weekly on the distempers of the times. Certain general reasons, prouing the lawfulnesse of the Oath of allegiance, written by R.S. priest, to his priuat friend. Whereunto is added, the treatise of that learned man, M. William Barclay, concerning the temporall power of the pope. And with these is ioyned the sermon of M. Theophilus Higgons, preached at Pauls Crosse the third of March last, because it containeth something of like argument, and A discourse, prepared for the ears of some Romanists (at a general quarter sessions, in the north, when they were summon''d to take the oaths.) By Sr. Christopher Wyvill baronet, one of His Majesties justices of the peace in those parts: and now profered to the eyes of them all.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, pope, king, god, emperour, tcp, lord, christian, roman, princes, peter, christ, cardinals, world, rome, paul, council, city, head, father, faith, election, court, bishops, bishop, authority, apostles, state, scripture, saint, religion, priest, office, man, law, kingdom, holy, government, family, empire, duke, doctrine, conclave, clergy, churches, truth, spanish, son, sixtus, scrutiny

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be pope, and A blowe for the Pope Touching the Popes prerogatiues. Extracted word for word out of the Booke of martyres. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, power, people, man, things, place, others, day, reason, thing, death, name, hee, person, part, nothing, manner, order, life, p., year, kings, years, way, body, words, cause, doth, hath, times, peace, days, t, matter, faith, world, persons, end, ad, king, one, matters, cap, word, none, case, places, truth, religion

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, is, be, had, were, are, being, did, have, made, been, do, having, said, say, make, called, sent, take, according, taken, came, come, put, see, done, bee, let, died, set, went, given, give, took, haue, gave, brought, know, found, concerning, call, hath, seeing, received, thought, chosen, go, held, began, left

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

pope, 〉, ◊, 〈, church, rome, god, christ, king, bishop, popes, princes, peter, c., cardinal, s., emperour, lord, cardinals, saint, bishops, city, de, council, hath, st., duke, france, paul, haue, prince, italy, holy, authority, john, hee, son, christian, emperor, roman, ●, ep, christians, doe, synod, court, father, charles, leo, gregory

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

he, his, it, they, their, him, them, i, we, our, himself, her, you, themselves, my, she, us, your, me, its, ''em, thy, thee, one, vp, theirs, em, mine, ye, ''s, vnto, itself, herself, ours, us''d, non, yours, whereof, l, hee, elias, †, yee, ts, ib, ian, à, yt, yeere, u

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, other, such, same, many, good, first, own, more, much, true, whole, little, several, saith, common, new, holy, last, most, second, present, certain, greater, old, least, ancient, third, able, long, general, particular, former, false, like, greatest, high, better, french, publick, christian, dead, necessary, free, full, mean, few, wicked, short, very

not, so, then, also, now, very, more, most, therefore, as, much, onely, well, only, yet, there, out, thus, up, first, never, together, indeed, rather, long, ever, afterwards, before, away, too, far, thereof, soon, again, often, especially, even, off, here, almost, in, no, all, still, down, immediately, once, likewise, otherwise, sometimes

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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