bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
influenza virus	1101
iav infection	526
virus infection	455
influenza viruses	358
epithelial cells	278
type i	238
infected cells	204
viral infection	195
immune response	194
avian influenza	170
respiratory tract	166
sialic acid	155
swine influenza	155
cell death	149
innate immune	142
acute respiratory	139
virus replication	134
nlrp inflammasome	132
respiratory syndrome	132
surfactant protein	129
viral replication	126
immune responses	121
respiratory syncytial	112
syncytial virus	111
dendritic cells	110
pdm virus	108
gene expression	107
pr virus	105
immune system	104
mdck cells	104
pandemic influenza	103
lung injury	103
viral infections	102
virus infections	101
amino acid	99
antiviral activity	99
influenza infection	97
highly pathogenic	97
iav replication	94
memory cd	94
iav infections	88
viral rna	88
respiratory virus	84
syndrome coronavirus	84
united states	84
i ifn	83
cell surface	83
iav strains	82
binding lectin	81
cytokine storm	79
human influenza	79
infected mice	79
host cell	79
signaling pathway	78
alveolar macrophages	76
wdnhbe cells	74
inflammatory response	74
innate immunity	74
ketogenic diet	70
respiratory viruses	68
plasma membrane	66
seasonal influenza	66
protein kinase	65
cell lines	65
virus entry	65
host cells	65
alveolar epithelial	65
cov infection	64
na activity	63
animal models	63
cell responses	62
previously described	62
iav entry	61
i interferon	61
ion channel	61
host factors	61
severe influenza	61
airway epithelial	61
severe acute	61
east respiratory	59
receptor binding	59
membrane fusion	59
lower respiratory	59
middle east	59
control group	59
signaling pathways	59
cord uid	58
doc id	58
amino acids	58
influenza vaccine	58
rna viruses	58
virus hemagglutinin	57
epithelial cell	57
type ii	56
specific cd	56
nuclear export	56
ns protein	56
influenza vaccines	56
immune cells	56
pathogenic avian	56
viral load	55
viral clearance	55
inflammatory cytokines	53
cell culture	53
cell cycle	53
pregnant women	52
tumor necrosis	52
viral entry	52
reverse genetics	51
necrosis factor	51
virus binding	51
lung epithelial	50
viral genome	50
viral proteins	50
hong kong	50
atii cells	50
upper respiratory	49
virus isolates	49
human airway	49
avian iavs	49
mouse model	49
curcumin derivatives	49
virus particles	49
like receptor	48
inflammasome activation	48
human lung	48
may also	47
disease severity	47
weight loss	46
mg kg	46
acute lung	45
oxidative stress	45
immunodeficiency virus	45
rsv infection	45
host immune	45
severe iav	45
important role	44
dendritic cell	44
public health	44
antiviral response	44
respiratory viral	43
iav np	43
respiratory disease	43
cell types	42
cytokine production	42
recent study	42
infectious diseases	42
gene segments	42
human immunodeficiency	41
adaptive immune	41
ic activity	41
lung tissue	40
binding protein	40
cells infected	40
airway epithelium	40
ifitm proteins	40
sitosterol treatment	39
type iii	39
sars infection	39
nasal swabs	39
binding rate	39
respiratory distress	38
viral titers	38
iav infected	38
time points	37
protein expression	37
cell response	37
adaptive immunity	37
rna polymerase	37
swine farm	37
respiratory infections	37
samples collected	36
sialic acids	36
ifn signaling	36
transcription factor	36
virus strains	36
dependent manner	36
author funder	35
granted medrxiv	35
induced lung	35
swine samples	35
ha protein	35
virus production	34
dengue virus	34
mice infected	34
antigenic sites	34
antiviral effects	34
avian iav	34
apoptosis induction	34
exhibition swine	34
ind entry	34
room temperature	34
like cells	34
ketone ester	34
transcription factors	34
influenza pandemic	34
lung tissues	34
cell line	34
wild birds	34
like receptors	33
closely related	33
viral pathogens	33
pr mtsin	33
inducing ligand	33
lipid mixing	33
mg ml	33
host defense	33
virus type	33
iav subtypes	33
distress syndrome	33
host response	33
host lectins	33
protein levels	33
bronchial epithelial	33
transmembrane protein	32
high levels	32
i ifns	32
neutralizing antibodies	32
luciferase activity	32
expression levels	32
respiratory infection	31
virus vaccine	31
ifitm expression	31
induced transmembrane	31
antiviral responses	31
western blotting	31
apoptotic cells	31
viral particles	31
critical role	31
performed using	31
enveloped viruses	31
nitric oxide	31
proinflammatory cytokines	31
nuclear import	30
described previously	30
body weight	30
influenza hemagglutinin	30
ifitm clustering	30
significantly reduced	30
disease progression	30
mouse models	30
virus ns	30
acid residues	29
pandemic potential	29
growth factor	29
treated cells	29
catenin signalling	29
antigenic drift	29
three independent	29
vaccinia virus	29
neuraminidase inhibitors	29
type lectin	29
deficient mice	29
virus propagation	29
pr cam	29
independent experiments	29
vdid dequenching	29
hct intersection	29
related apoptosis	29
systematic review	29
hela cells	28
west nile	28
peer review	28
complement activation	28
ha proteins	28
nile virus	28
ifn production	28
first report	28
recent studies	28
severe disease	28
target cells	28
reactive oxygen	28
human respiratory	28
receptor specificity	28
endoplasmic reticulum	28
several studies	28
single nucleotide	28
immune cell	28
iav positive	28
influenza viral	27
ng ml	27
determine whether	27
pdm none	27
time pcr	27
inflammatory responses	27
envelope protein	27
mediated apoptosis	27
pig id	27
swine farms	27
ifitm signal	27
iav particles	27
also observed	27
fatty acid	27
previous studies	27
antiviral immunity	27
stranded rna	27
mrna expression	27
pb opt	27
inhibitory effect	27
pdm viruses	27
virus titers	26
ha na	26
late endosomes	26
linked glycans	26
well plates	26
viral protein	26
virus strain	26
viral envelope	26
hl nl	26
knockout mice	26
oxygen species	26
initial binding	26
treatment groups	26
lung inflammation	26
wild boars	26
associated protein	26
death receptor	26
authors declare	25
inhibit iav	25
nk cells	25
copyright holder	25
chinese swine	25
western blot	25
cell type	25
following iav	25
risk factors	25
transmembrane proteins	25
boost vaccination	25
pattern recognition	25
bat iav	25
rna virus	25
channel activity	25
lethal influenza	25
ii cells	25
sars coronavirus	24
data suggest	24
airborne iav	24
ros production	24
feral swine	24
surfactant proteins	24
exogenous ketones	24
resident memory	24
conventional iav	24
statistically significant	24
viral lectins	24
pregnant mice	24
additional file	24
virus transmission	24
entry pathway	24
peripheral blood	24
luciferase reporter	24
also known	24
vesicular stomatitis	24
herpes simplex	24
nad nadh	24
bone marrow	24
iii ifn	23
binding site	23
life cycle	23
infectious disease	23
viral membrane	23
days post	23
low levels	23
signal transduction	23
mediated signaling	23
viral respiratory	23
pulmonary surfactant	23
survival rate	23
recycling endosomes	23
heterologous prime	23
lectin interactions	23
mammalian cells	23
stomatitis virus	23
antiviral defense	23
nucleotide polymorphisms	23
virus infected	23
attenuated influenza	23
influenza pandemics	23
pa may	23
two different	23
activated protein	22
antibody responses	22
protective role	22
bronchoalveolar lavage	22
viral np	22
np protein	22
com scientificdata	22
zika virus	22
binding sites	22
virus neuraminidase	22
time rt	22
i signaling	22
human alveolar	22
induced apoptosis	22
ion conductivity	22
version posted	22
cell entry	22
following infection	22
cell membrane	22
defective interfering	22
viral fusion	22
increased expression	22
induces apoptosis	22
virus challenge	22
results suggest	22
drug resistance	22
cells via	22
virus shedding	22
primary human	22
iav densities	22
way anova	22
results indicate	21
also shown	21
human coronavirus	21
ebola virus	21
endothelial cells	21
post infection	21
swine populations	21
balf samples	21
receptor density	21
clinical signs	21
phylogenetic analysis	21
patchouli alcohol	21
nuclear factor	21
human infection	21
specific memory	21
highly conserved	21
iii ifns	21
matrix protein	21
proinflammatory cytokine	21
linked glycosylation	21
genome replication	21
alveolar type	21
neutralizing antibody	21
spectrum antiviral	21
binding specificity	21
human health	21
metagenomic sequencing	21
human cells	21
significantly increased	21
hospitalized children	21
monoclonal antibodies	21
vrnp complex	21
human iavs	20
entry assay	20
inhibit viral	20
muc ac	20
reuse allowed	20
hek cells	20
following rsv	20
genetic diversity	20
recombinant influenza	20
rights reserved	20
effector functions	20
respiratory epithelial	20
swine population	20
cells transfected	20
antiviral therapy	20
nucleic acid	20
novel influenza	20
viruses isolated	20
regulatory factor	20
without permission	20
swine sera	20
figshare file	20
allowed without	20
plaque assay	20
swine appeared	19
another study	19
replication cycle	19
bovine serum	19
virus isolated	19
significantly higher	19
least one	19
increased levels	19
ifitm cells	19
lectin pathway	19
murine model	19
infection rate	19
hydrogen peroxide	19
also found	19
laiv com	19
wsn hamtsin	19
viral ha	19
recognition receptors	19
rna viral	19
viral pneumonia	19
target cell	19
tissue culture	19
monoclonal antibody	19
stimulated genes	19
transfected cells	19
syndrome virus	19
oseltamivir carboxylate	19
pandemic iav	19
host range	19
canine kidney	19
interferon signaling	18
virus antibodies	18
cell cultures	18
sequences obtained	18
lung viral	18
simplex virus	18
treatment group	18
cellular signaling	18
also able	18
also reported	18
mediated activation	18
signalling pathway	18
porcine reproductive	18
flow cytometry	18
fold higher	18
multiple comparisons	18
ifitm restricts	18
following respiratory	18
inducible gene	18
goat anti	18
influenza disease	18
taken together	18
ifitm clusters	18
versus mir	18
natural killer	18
wsn wt	18
inflammatory cytokine	18
bhb levels	18
nadp nadph	18
positive control	18
pfu cell	18
antiviral drugs	18
nadph oxidase	18
carbohydrate recognition	17
aec ii	17
intranasal administration	17
cell subsets	17
different viruses	17
entry pathways	17
mitochondrial matrix	17
coronavirus infection	17
histone deacetylase	17
induced cell	17
positive swine	17
generation sequencing	17
puerto rico	17
north america	17
i interferons	17
respiratory illness	17
studies using	17
lung homogenates	17
increased survival	17
th percentile	17
mice treated	17
innate lymphoid	17
stimulated gene	17
bat influenza	17
day post	17
tissue injury	17
mediated inhibition	17
uninfected cells	17
data points	17
sera samples	17
even though	17
tissue damage	17
genome sequence	17
mediated endocytosis	17
transmembrane domain	17
retinoic acid	17
virus vaccines	17
bal fluid	17
aut com	17
trail signaling	17
creative commons	17
ubiquitin ligase	17
rna synthesis	17
spike protein	17
oxidative medicine	17
iav strain	17
control cells	17
cell signaling	17
like illness	17
lung pathology	17
antimicrobial peptide	17
found positive	17
human iav	17
virus nucleoprotein	17
iav ha	17
cellular longevity	17
origin influenza	16
reduced viral	16
induce apoptosis	16
significant increase	16
lung surfactant	16
host immunity	16
acute influenza	16
cell epitopes	16
protein synthesis	16
cells treated	16
viruses influenza	16
standard virus	16
origin iav	16
low ph	16
alexa fluor	16
internal genes	16
macrophage polarization	16
antimicrobial peptides	16
results showed	16
present study	16
ifn response	16
zoonotic transmission	16
different iav	16
lung function	16
na balance	16
cell tropism	16
viral glycoproteins	16
wide range	16
vac cha	16
cell viability	16
nasal swab	16
virus control	16
lg ml	16
viral polymerase	16
significant difference	16
interspecies transmission	16
secondary antibody	16
mesenchymal transition	16
molecular mechanisms	16
acid level	16
virus influenza	16
likely due	16
ion channels	16
wild type	16
influenza season	16
medium containing	16
viral titer	16
na genes	16
lymph nodes	16
increased risk	15
human bronchial	15
mexican swine	15
human population	15
gal receptors	15
cov consensomes	15
nucleotide level	15
made available	15
nuclear np	15
culture medium	15
virus genome	15
swine transmission	15
measured using	15
antiviral drug	15
ifitm protein	15
antiviral agents	15
culture supernatants	15
per group	15
mitochondrial membrane	15
may inhibit	15
vaccine development	15
fever virus	15
virus pathogenesis	15
may lead	15
neutralization assay	15
network data	15
injury induced	15
increased mortality	15
tract infections	15
mouse anti	15
data exchange	15
infected swine	15
type lectins	15
staphylococcus aureus	15
van eijk	15
lymphoid cells	15
darby canine	15
type mice	15
streptococcus pneumoniae	15
well known	15
spatial organization	15
nhbe cells	15
genetic characterization	15
internal gene	15
active infection	15
guinea pigs	15
relative humidity	15
interferon response	15
soluble host	15
virus rna	15
seeder pigs	15
apparently healthy	15
plasmacytoid dendritic	15
host defence	15
lavage fluid	15
like symptoms	15
laiv none	15
nucleic acids	15
parainfluenza virus	15
receptor signaling	15
firefly luciferase	15
time point	15
cho cells	15
progeny virus	15
adipose tissue	15
csf overexpression	15
reverse transcription	14
reassortant viruses	14
infection influenza	14
glycosylation sites	14
surface glycoproteins	14
iav fusion	14
mucociliary clearance	14
packaging signals	14
inflammatory signaling	14
human transmission	14
snp rs	14
fusion protein	14
antiviral activities	14
mucus layer	14
international license	14
chicken eggs	14
human macrophages	14
fat diet	14
different cell	14
neutralizing activity	14
risk factor	14
death domain	14
differential expression	14
ann arbor	14
patients infected	14
protective immunity	14
factor receptor	14
disease outcome	14
challenge strains	14
apoptosis induced	14
iav challenge	14
antibody response	14
directional mobility	14
competing interests	14
moderately high	14
infection via	14
vaccine production	14
serological evidence	14
south korea	14
coding region	14
protects mice	14
immunopathology following	14
cell effector	14
human host	14
mediated restriction	14
complete genome	14
iav control	14
swine herds	14
future studies	14
electron microscopy	14
complex i	14
pathway nodes	14
mrna levels	14
cycle arrest	14
infected patients	14
linked sialic	14
comparisons test	14
linear ubiquitin	14
signaling cascades	14
respiratory pathogens	14
recognition domain	14
may contribute	14
virus induces	14
epithelial barrier	14
lung index	14
positive samples	14
influenza vaccination	14
intracellular trafficking	14
north american	14
dromedary camels	14
virus isolation	14
viral surface	14
tnf receptor	14
infected cell	14
direct interaction	14
class i	14
disease virus	14
cytokine receptor	14
total rna	14
severe pneumonia	14
dep entry	14
pore formation	14
acid receptors	14
influenza infections	14
binding proteins	14
interferon regulatory	14
significant differences	14
bat species	13
hdac inhibition	13
derived macrophages	13
genetic variants	13
host antiviral	13
posted may	13
bat iavs	13
containing supernatants	13
protein pb	13
broad spectrum	13
statistical significance	13
na proteins	13
strong nuclear	13
caspase activation	13
fatal cases	13
coronavirus spike	13
kg day	13
ct value	13
iav antibodies	13
ha sequences	13
thermo fisher	13
host innate	13
next generation	13
vaccine design	13
lymph node	13
mitochondrial etc	13
found infected	13
programmed cell	13
cell lysates	13
golgi apparatus	13
blood vessels	13
determined using	13
cell infection	13
th cells	13
mediated antiviral	13
experimental infection	13
binding domain	13
expression level	13
statistical analysis	13
structural protein	13
virus variants	13
virus assembly	13
clinical symptoms	13
membrane potential	13
protein response	13
pathway node	13
acute pneumonia	13
pyruvate dehydrogenase	13
molecular patterns	13
buffered saline	13
heat shock	13
take place	13
highly virulent	13
live attenuated	13
molecular basis	13
infection rates	13
cells expressing	13
late endosomal	13
ifn induction	13
cytokine levels	13
sendai virus	13
rna segments	13
three times	13
cell proliferation	13
vesicular structures	13
np signal	13
com com	13
crucial role	13
initiation factor	13
alpha beta	13
induced pneumonia	13
opt cells	13
interferon induction	13
node family	13
charged membranes	13
cell apoptosis	13
fusion pore	13
induced proinflammatory	13
open reading	13
many viruses	13
neuraminidase inhibitor	13
high dose	13
expressing cells	12
fatty acids	12
inactivated influenza	12
viruses including	12
conjugated secondary	12
inflammatory cell	12
virus detection	12
csf levels	12
pr infection	12
pkr activation	12
derived dendritic	12
virus may	12
host responses	12
human metapneumovirus	12
well established	12
signal intensity	12
reduced lung	12
protective effects	12
active iav	12
protease inhibitor	12
nrf sirna	12
severe respiratory	12
sg formation	12
cell fusion	12
functional balance	12
target genes	12
bacterial infection	12
gene segment	12
disease symptoms	12
immune activation	12
fusion pores	12
entry via	12
genetic reassortment	12
respiratory failure	12
airway epithelia	12
human alpha	12
mbl gene	12
virus attachment	12
pkr activity	12
glucose levels	12
infectious dose	12
results obtained	12
ii transmembrane	12
converting enzyme	12
rabbit anti	12
iav transmission	12
immune function	12
ifitm restriction	12
hemagglutinin protein	12
infection cases	12
zoonotic potential	12
cellular membranes	12
applied biosystems	12
structural cells	12
wild ducks	12
protein inhibits	12
infection dynamics	12
cell differentiation	12
pathogenic strains	12
metabolic therapy	12
pb cells	12
aut aut	12
infectious virus	12
iav genome	12
gamblin skehel	12
infected animals	12
cell immunity	12
receptor interactions	12
airway macrophages	12
lubac activity	12
serine protease	12
structural basis	12
inhibits influenza	12
induced cytokine	12
superoxide dismutase	12
clinical trials	12
study showed	12
envelope glycoproteins	12
pandemic strain	12
vaccinated pigs	12
may facilitate	12
nosocomial transmission	12
screen identifies	12
virus concentration	12
secreting cells	12
different time	12
positive rate	12
mice per	12
ha subtypes	12
viral ribonucleoprotein	12
like viruses	12
stimulating factor	12
polymerase activity	12
increased susceptibility	12
significantly lower	12
adnrf followed	12
increases susceptibility	12
induced inflammation	12
highest number	12
santa cruz	12
vero cells	12
based swine	12
viral pathogenesis	12
protective effect	12
genomic rna	12
unfolded protein	12
human type	12
pseudovirus neutralization	11
significantly decreased	11
virus polymerase	11
cells well	11
block iav	11
virus spread	11
serum levels	11
blot analysis	11
inhibitory effects	11
pa treatment	11
mapk signaling	11
restricts influenza	11
protein ion	11
virus clearance	11
two decades	11
scientificdata www	11
farm workers	11
pol i	11
dna viruses	11
airborne influenza	11
crispr cas	11
expression data	11
antiviral potential	11
protein induces	11
chemokine receptor	11
antigenic shift	11
recently demonstrated	11
irf phosphorylation	11
citric acid	11
filamentous particles	11
neuraminidase activity	11
ha gene	11
pcr assay	11
host ap	11
resistant influenza	11
fetal bovine	11
healthy swine	11
lung cells	11
past exposure	11
killer cells	11
severe lung	11
proinflammatory mediators	11
iav binding	11
transmissible gastroenteritis	11
mortality associated	11
acid receptor	11
cells lacking	11
healthy adults	11
also involved	11
european swine	11
plate reader	11
tcid ml	11
nuclear translocation	11
important roles	11
induced acute	11
na gene	11
data demonstrate	11
akt pathway	11
japanese swine	11
tyrosine kinase	11
ns proteins	11
virus ha	11
virus particle	11
elementary school	11
newly formed	11
surface proteins	11
facilitate viral	11
acquired pneumonia	11
elevated levels	11
nm bafa	11
receptor tyrosine	11
teer values	11
barrier function	11
will likely	11
er stress	11
potential role	11
cell imaging	11
tlr signaling	11
much higher	11
early stages	11
cells using	11
respiratory diseases	11
mediated protection	11
formation assay	11
stat activation	11
panel ii	11
host species	11
previously reported	11
viral strains	11
secondary antibodies	11
critical care	11
human neutrophil	11
dependent rna	11
bystander cells	11
mbl binding	11
nanopore metagenomic	11
antiviral genes	11
viral mrna	11
alveolar edema	11
may play	11
cohort study	11
animal model	11
com pigs	11
transcriptional regulator	11
current study	11
acid sequence	11
tg treatment	11
wt virus	11
virus growth	11
cells following	11
human beta	11
correlation coefficient	11
naturally occurring	11
tested positive	11
host genetic	11
cells also	11
cell injury	11
specific inhibitor	11
na subtypes	11
swine nasal	11
sars hcts	11
cha pigs	11
seasonal epidemics	11
conformational change	11
np expression	11
mortality rate	11
host factor	11
infection may	11
focus formation	11
treated mice	11
visualized using	10
infected human	10
ns gene	10
cell activation	10
cancer cells	10
scavenger receptor	10
infectious entry	10
data showed	10
ifitm genes	10
induced expression	10
study identified	10
viral control	10
novel avian	10
increased ros	10
virus release	10
reassortant influenza	10
relatively low	10
death receptors	10
reading frame	10
pathogenic viruses	10
alveolar damage	10
cellular proteins	10
envelope glycoprotein	10
genome sequencing	10
swine iav	10
independent manner	10
cellular responses	10
significantly different	10
persistent motion	10
interferon treatment	10
human monocyte	10
akt signaling	10
polymerase chain	10
viral lectin	10
fisher scientific	10
essential role	10
human genes	10
also detected	10
inflammatory diseases	10
orthomyxoviridae family	10
may provide	10
neck domain	10
negative bacteria	10
apoptosis via	10
vaccine effectiveness	10
jnk activation	10
viral components	10
human primary	10
seasonal iav	10
significantly inhibit	10
progeny virions	10
protect mice	10
infection models	10
embryonated chicken	10
iav proteins	10
one study	10
dependent apoptosis	10
sense rna	10
last two	10
intersection networks	10
mrna translation	10
acid binding	10
classical swine	10
study reported	10
first time	10
membrane glycoprotein	10
entry route	10
plasmids encoding	10
mbl levels	10
may occur	10
mechanical ventilation	10
cc genotype	10
novel reassortant	10
specific antibodies	10
flu pandemic	10
pathogenic iav	10
analyzed using	10
antiviral properties	10
cell memory	10
finisher site	10
intracellular compartments	10
acid cycle	10
also demonstrated	10
sars consensome	10
pulmonary fibrosis	10
years old	10
two days	10
interferon alpha	10
lung homogenate	10
interstitial pneumonia	10
hi test	10
neutrophil extracellular	10
antiviral effect	10
small molecule	10
pneumocystis carinii	10
complement system	10
life technologies	10
among pigs	10
bacterial superinfection	10
tyrosine kinases	10
also called	10
human cathelicidin	10
tract infection	10
springer nature	10
coding regions	10
virus evolution	10
well plate	10
wide rnai	10
viroporin ion	10
pandemic viruses	10
kindly provided	10
inflammatory cells	10
lethal iav	10
promoter region	10
studies suggest	10
virus among	10
pigs sampled	10
exogenous ketone	10
virus protein	10
pathway analysis	10
active site	10
viruses reported	10
takes place	10
lectin receptors	10
viral glycoprotein	10
inhibits iav	10
like particles	10
taylor drickamer	10
induced pulmonary	10
swab samples	10
lung airways	10
side effects	10
either rsv	10
levels may	10
dip production	10
viral particle	10
complement deposition	10
bacterial pneumonia	10
severe infection	10
candida albicans	10
cytokine responses	10
virus disease	10
large number	10
wide variety	10
class ii	10
pathogen recognition	10
reporter plasmid	10
acid change	10
treg cells	10
transcriptomic consensome	10
family members	10
shock protein	10
children years	10
protein interaction	10
proinflammatory response	10
secretory pathway	10
zoonotic viruses	10
diffusion coefficient	10
single cell	10
virus detected	10
mycobacterium tuberculosis	9
nadph levels	9
translation initiation	9
viruses circulating	9
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signaling cascade	9
productive infection	9
ectopic expression	9
published maps	9
pneumococcal pneumonia	9
cryptococcus neoformans	9
commons license	9
lung lesions	9
acid sequences	9
neighboring cells	9
antigen presentation	9
medrxiv preprint	9
iav virion	9
studies demonstrate	9
antiviral function	9
genetics approaches	9
recent report	9
influenza research	9
inflammasome activity	9
lm mice	9
protein translation	9
viral gene	9
virus subtypes	9
nature remains	9
eurasian avian	9
may promote	9
us swine	9
virus dissociation	9
experimental conditions	9
tight junctions	9
serially diluted	9
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cell membranes	9
primary antibodies	9
mitochondrial nad	9
european countries	9
receptor gene	9
animal care	9
blood cells	9
ifnb production	9
activity relationship	9
key role	9
vrnp complexes	9
terminal kinase	9
whole genome	9
viral propagation	9
wiv treatment	9
live cell	9
human genome	9
map kinase	9
sa receptors	9
iav variants	9
per well	9
remains neutral	9
commercial swine	9
molecular docking	9
age groups	9
filamentous morphology	9
transcriptional response	9
heterosubtypic immunity	9
novel coronavirus	9
influenza pneumonia	9
kinase inhibitors	9
restriction factor	9
cells influenza	9
lipid membrane	9
confocal microscopy	9
np nuclear	9
iav virus	9
neutralizing mabs	9
dependent mechanism	9
new therapeutic	9
fusion peptide	9
receptor cleavage	9
pigs receiving	9
including iav	9
urban ducks	9
differentiated human	9
influenza type	9
virus rolling	9
among swine	9
cutting edge	9
cell pr	9
viral nucleoprotein	9
mediated immunity	9
blood mononuclear	9
pbs containing	9
defence peptides	9
lung cancer	9
acidic ph	9
quantitative structure	9
ali media	9
inhibited iav	9
new world	9
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mbl deficiency	9
cell fate	9
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proteolytic cleavage	9
family proteins	9
mdck cell	9
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luminex assay	9
inflammatory mediators	9
potent anti	9
apical surface	9
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specific sirnas	9
agricultural fairs	9
mm dynasore	9
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polymerase complex	9
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jak stat	9
ct values	9
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aspergillus fumigatus	9
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thai swine	9
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assembly complex	9
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australian swine	9
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thank dr	9
see supplementary	9
pb expression	9
blood group	9
acid oxidation	9
genome segments	9
receptor type	9
influenza treatment	9
also inhibited	9
iav treatment	9
vrna segments	9
swine origin	9
transgenic mice	9
negatively charged	9
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signal transducer	9
virus adsorption	9
cells provide	9
nrf overexpression	9
panel i	9
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glycan decoys	9
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united kingdom	9
gene transcription	9
posted april	9
novel host	9
pandemic virus	9
skehel wiley	9
cell recruitment	9
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right panel	9
medium supplemented	9
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two major	9
mice lacking	9
virus subtype	9
ex vivo	9
mu ml	9
signaling events	9
hsp interaction	9
study found	9
lectins may	9
mean percentile	9
fold increase	9
universal influenza	9
vaccine candidates	9
type receptor	9
immunofluorescence assays	9
iav rna	9
increased ifitm	9
cytotoxic effects	9
mouse lungs	9
infection also	9
conventional iavs	9
drug development	9
young children	9
com aut	9
hdpp mice	8
specific glycan	8
first evidence	8
open access	8
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like particle	8
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virus fusion	8
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rhinovirus infection	8
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endosomal ph	8
viral ribonucleoproteins	8
bl mice	8
oral administration	8
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vs pathway	8
interfering influenza	8
system lectins	8
study design	8
rift valley	8
antioxidant response	8
human ifitm	8
first step	8
world health	8
clinical disease	8
guinea pig	8
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erk mapk	8
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aca treatment	8
polymerase i	8
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cellular receptor	8
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virus activity	8
destroying enzyme	8
restrict viral	8
health organization	8
enters cells	8
endocytic pathways	8
washed three	8
virus surface	8
endosomal membrane	8
mannose receptor	8
respiratory epithelium	8
dtgm mice	8
pathogenic potential	8
iav viral	8
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infection among	8
experimental data	8
enter cells	8
horseradish peroxidase	8
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cd cd	8
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pig herds	8
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ifitm gene	8
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low pathogenic	8
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infection prevention	8
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iiv il	8
note springer	8
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secondary bacterial	8
ros generation	8
kidney cells	8
endosomal membranes	8
cells grown	8
viral etiology	8
machine learning	8
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iav subtype	8
red blood	8
catenin pathway	8
ge healthcare	8
containing protein	8
pdm infection	8
immunoblot analysis	8
antigenic diversity	8
time window	8
nlrp activation	8
infectious virions	8
antiviral protein	8
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sensor surface	8
nadph oxidases	8
otherwise healthy	8
mouse lung	8
reverse transcriptase	8
clinical trial	8
different mechanisms	8
cholesterol accumulation	8
severe pandemic	8
recombinant viruses	8
nucleotide polymorphism	8
first line	8
activated receptor	8
highly susceptible	8
rna genome	8
tissue samples	8
terminal domain	8
graphpad prism	8
cellular immune	8
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mek erk	8
basolateral media	8
hiv infection	8
host mucus	8
danish pig	8
pdm iav	8
pb protein	8
significantly inhibited	8
high risk	8
master regulator	8
valley fever	8
stress granule	8
previous report	8
virus life	8
thermofisher scientific	8
play important	8
studies indicate	8
polymerase basic	8
upr activation	8
viral segments	8
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efficient viral	8
genomic segments	8
vir virus	8
proteins mediate	8
ind iav	8
cd domain	8
containing fcs	8
previous reports	8
mononuclear cells	8
virus sequences	8
cholesterol homeostasis	8
ketone body	8
one hour	8
national institute	8
overexpression plasmid	8
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protein binds	8
bat cells	8
efficient influenza	8
following either	8
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assay kit	8
pr strain	8
nosocomial influenza	8
new jersey	8
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coronavirus replication	8
dependent antiviral	8
cell survival	8
ha pseudoviruses	8
several viruses	8
individual pigs	8
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reporter assay	8
lung disease	8
possible role	8
animal lectins	8
virus activates	8
persistent directional	8
globular head	8
inner membrane	8
immune evasion	8
may explain	8
binding agents	8
rnai screen	8
stably expressing	8
african green	8
specific antibody	8
adhesion molecule	8
body temperature	8
viruses may	8
clinical features	8
one pathogen	8
chain reaction	8
coronavirus envelope	8
protein transport	8
i overexpression	8
viral spread	8
viral fitness	8
negative regulator	8
interferon production	8
yeast two	8
fluorescent protein	8
four different	8
little effect	8
recently reported	8
similar results	8
endosomal marker	8
neck region	8
binding curves	8
proteomic analysis	8
sample size	8
significantly upregulated	8
kapit hospitals	8
virus inhibition	8
entry routes	8
pathways project	8
species transmission	8
using reverse	8
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previous study	8
van asbeck	8
spanish flu	8
human pandemic	8
associated host	8
ha pseudovirus	8
genetics techniques	8
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swine exhibitions	8
raf mek	8
using anti	8
gel electrophoresis	8
circulating strains	8
lethal dose	8
cellular membrane	8
inflammatory effects	8
later time	8
risk allele	8
age group	8
two tailed	8
testing set	8
supplementary table	8
pulmonary viral	8
cells per	8
significantly dysregulated	8
filamentous influenza	8
san diego	8
channel conductance	8
different strains	8
scoring systems	8
cha group	8
wsn ha	8
host cellular	8
cell lysate	8
mm nacl	8
mice compared	8
renilla luciferase	8
viruses cause	8
also bind	8
active caspase	8
rna interference	8
antigenic site	8
new influenza	8
different amino	8
confocal microscope	8
small airway	8
specific cytotoxic	8
targeting host	8
neuraminidase inhibition	8
recent years	8
signaling via	8
qsar model	8
sitosterol ameliorates	8
may trigger	8
inhibition assay	8
testing positive	8
leukemia virus	8
human papillomavirus	8
viral infectivity	8
influenza receptors	8
mice following	8
normal control	8
triple reassortant	7
tx namtsin	7
modelling study	7
aquatic birds	7
receptor expression	7
factors associated	7
virus using	7
evidence suggests	7
effective replication	7
green fluorescent	7
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virus diffusion	7
viral budding	7
dependent induction	7
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immunology www	7
immunomodulatory properties	7
dipeptidyl peptidase	7
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conformational changes	7
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cell receptors	7
kapit hospital	7
using iav	7
virus pathogenicity	7
critical roles	7
heterosubtypic protection	7
lower prevalence	7
normal human	7
effector mechanisms	7
rip kinase	7
iav prevalence	7
ciliated cells	7
reduced levels	7
motif chemokine	7
matrix gene	7
different viral	7
high affinity	7
high seroprevalence	7
van iwaarden	7
trail expression	7
lectin activity	7
virus pneumonia	7
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bx zhou	7
front immunol	7
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virus genomic	7
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antiviral therapies	7
least two	7
hl proteins	7
endosomal vesicles	7
crystal structure	7
little brown	7
downstream signaling	7
associated glycans	7
iav lipid	7
intersection analysis	7
vlp entry	7
immunofluorescence assay	7
pig farms	7
binding assays	7
actin dynamics	7
quantitative proteomic	7
korean swine	7
patients hospitalized	7
beta interferon	7
peptide sequence	7
least three	7
swine herd	7
pulmonary collectins	7
response element	7
translational modifications	7
virus ifitm	7
fas fasl	7
polymerase ii	7
adaptive mutations	7
higher frequency	7
dependent pathway	7
hemagglutination inhibition	7
ml tpck	7
recently identified	7
ifitm rs	7
lectin domain	7
family member	7
grand island	7
different influenza	7
cellular proteome	7
including influenza	7
south africa	7
gastroenteritis coronavirus	7
will allow	7
cell cytoskeleton	7
tripartite motif	7
different species	7
hai titers	7
infectious bronchitis	7
post transfection	7
ifitm promoter	7
diagnostic tests	7
multiple infection	7
dual role	7
reference sequences	7
eukaryotic translation	7
six internal	7
infection patterns	7
virus reassortment	7
extrinsic apoptosis	7
intracellular cholesterol	7
wild bird	7
transcriptional signature	7
ion selectivity	7
cells play	7
formyl peptide	7
adoptive transfer	7
mbl also	7
treating influenza	7
cov replication	7
krebs cycle	7
without pa	7
infectious pathogens	7
vitro experiments	7
cell epitope	7
see also	7
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rate constant	7
legionella pneumophila	7
virus prevalence	7
severe infections	7
targeting ha	7
cellular pi	7
iav disease	7
major histocompatibility	7
negative controls	7
endosomal cholesterol	7
recent research	7
myeloid cells	7
novel anti	7
inducible transmembrane	7
cytokine expression	7
i ubiquitination	7
ifn trail	7
novel treatment	7
high prevalence	7
natural science	7
promote viral	7
human rhinovirus	7
high viral	7
chimeric viruses	7
infection efficiency	7
disease burden	7
vector cells	7
yeast cells	7
dmem supplemented	7
pulmonary disease	7
stress response	7
become infected	7
backyard swine	7
kinase inhibitor	7
redox state	7
fas ligand	7
factors including	7
american swine	7
findings suggest	7
endocytic routes	7
pulmonary aspergillosis	7
dependent activation	7
three different	7
gas exchange	7
protein sequence	7
ion transport	7
negatively regulates	7
viral loads	7
novel strains	7
immunofluorescence staining	7
biosafety level	7
viral hemagglutinin	7
proinflammatory responses	7
mediated immune	7
direct effects	7
study also	7
np signals	7
rna extraction	7
viral growth	7
infection human	7
viruses doi	7
han chinese	7
virus proteins	7
different doses	7
disulphide bonds	7
host defenses	7
infectious iav	7
science foundation	7
culture supernatant	7
iav isolates	7
peroxisome proliferator	7
binding events	7
encephalitis virus	7
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infected samples	7
na protein	7
pig model	7
lung damage	7
apoptotic protein	7
central role	7
alveolar cells	7
supplementary material	7
quantitative ms	7
molecular characterization	7
iav virulence	7
broad range	7
severe symptoms	7
sequence identity	7
effector caspases	7
human subjects	7
therapeutic potential	7
nrf pathway	7
may affect	7
quantitative pcr	7
southern china	7
cysteine residues	7
different types	7
studies will	7
mediated nuclear	7
pdm influenza	7
influenza activity	7
novel antiviral	7
lipid membranes	7
antiviral strategies	7
sa specificity	7
histological lesions	7
host interaction	7
research community	7
iav pathogenesis	7
peptide receptor	7
different ha	7
control influenza	7
viral pathogenicity	7
remains unclear	7
human beings	7
interferon system	7
cytoplasmic tail	7
physiologic levels	7
relatively high	7
energy metabolism	7
factor alpha	7
genome packaging	7
ali bx	7
type virus	7
secondary respiratory	7
ion conductance	7
hydroxyl groups	7
stat phosphorylation	7
envelope proteins	7
single virus	7
human lungs	7
mm tris	7
fluid samples	7
serological investigation	7
like swine	7
mdck ii	7
viral diseases	7
dependent protein	7
microneutralization assay	7
red fluorescent	7
ameliorates influenza	7
wild animals	7
angiotensin ii	7
disease control	7
currently available	7
signaling molecules	7
epithelial sodium	7
potential therapeutic	7
increased mitochondrial	7
invading pathogens	7
disease outcomes	7
human monoclonal	7
influenza outbreak	7
endosomal trafficking	7
virus surveillance	7
lung edema	7
pr iav	7
cell adhesion	7
swine iavs	7
protein channel	7
stat tyr	7
inducible factor	7
sirna transfection	7
alveolar epithelium	7
total protein	7
measles virus	7
treatment strategies	7
cells may	7
receptor complex	7
pb gene	7
virus budding	7
virus receptors	7
studies conducted	7
among children	7
limiting membrane	7
transnasal infection	7
pcr system	7
helper cells	7
encephalomyocarditis virus	7
five days	7
viruses expressing	7
lesser extent	7
novel swine	7
controlling viral	7
transforming growth	7
proteins involved	7
human mannose	7
actin filaments	7
reporter gene	7
new pandemic	7
italian swine	7
pulmonary edema	7
infections among	7
low level	7
separate experiments	7
diseases ward	7
via nf	7
infected pigs	7
associated pneumonia	7
amphipathic helix	7
associated complications	7
severe cases	7
will provide	7
avian origin	7
nasal secretion	7
protein glycosylation	7
interferon receptor	7
detected among	7
growth medium	7
highly expressed	7
fumigatus conidia	7
virtually irreversible	7
pathogenic influenza	7
increasing number	7
endothelial cell	7
molecular mechanism	7
neuraminidase activities	7
breast cancer	7
negative sense	7
viral factors	7
wiv groups	7
mouse studies	7
binding properties	7
genetic variation	7
laboratory animal	7
acute lower	7
sample collection	7
asked whether	7
swine may	7
may represent	7
vrnp nuclear	7
collagen region	7
use committee	7
via activation	7
also showed	7
total number	7
elevated rankings	7
cd cells	7
data analysis	7
vascular thrombosis	7
novel human	7
improved survival	7
rat alveolar	7
diagnostic laboratory	7
treated group	7
widely used	7
mannose binding	7
full genome	7
expressing pb	7
clearance following	7
iav activity	7
among pregnant	7
maximum binding	7
ifi ifi	7
na inhibitors	7
cultured cells	7
antibody titers	7
seasonal strains	7
iav hemagglutinin	7
error bars	7
secondary infection	7
high relative	7
sia interactions	7
ld pr	7
genetic variant	7
hsp complex	7
vaccination protocols	7
histocompatibility complex	7
comparison test	6
enhances phagocytosis	6
specific ifn	6
linked oligosaccharides	6
viral spreading	6
signaling response	6
coupled receptor	6
therapeutic approach	6
cd ra	6
routine clinical	6
antigenic characterization	6
following virus	6
several viral	6
surface expression	6
effector memory	6
lung lobes	6
using lipofectamine	6
flua aari	6
rough lps	6
kinase pkr	6
test sars	6
labeled iav	6
viral transfer	6
results suggested	6
via dc	6
health care	6
cell protection	6
porcine respiratory	6
urgent need	6
ubiquitin chain	6
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genetic association	6
bacterial pathogens	6
codon usage	6
binding activity	6
plaque reduction	6
whether mir	6
influenza like	6
recent investigation	6
inhibiting viral	6
etc complex	6
lipid bilayers	6
strand rna	6
infection results	6
threatening influenza	6
indicated time	6
antiviral immune	6
protein ic	6
emerging respiratory	6
histone acetylation	6
murine lung	6
associated lymphoid	6
translational modification	6
proteins within	6
influenza pathogenesis	6
diverse influenza	6
recent advances	6
vrna packaging	6
enhance viral	6
better understand	6
effector cells	6
surface protein	6
bacterial infections	6
considered significant	6
obstructive pulmonary	6
cytopathic effect	6
iavpp fusion	6
luciferase assay	6
antiviral effector	6
interleukin receptor	6
lethal pneumonia	6
human irf	6
household size	6
increased il	6
pneumoniae infection	6
binding pocket	6
gene i	6
whilst sp	6
influenza strain	6
response genes	6
cells resulted	6
two separate	6
lethal infection	6
protective efficacy	6
factors crucial	6
viral shedding	6
partially restored	6
iav seroprevalence	6
decrease ros	6
studies reported	6
human nasal	6
data suggests	6
commons attribution	6
attenuated vaccines	6
excessive inflammation	6
severe illness	6
transferrin bt	6
liquid interface	6
ac expression	6
types including	6
based metabolic	6
viral glycosylation	6
type interferon	6
specific immune	6
virus pb	6
human interferon	6
receptor determinant	6
infected mdck	6
lipid metabolism	6
including rsv	6
standard deviation	6
cellular resistance	6
conditions used	6
expression values	6
protein behaves	6
associated factor	6
ha binding	6
immature dendritic	6
active curcumin	6
lower airways	6
systemic inflammation	6
diffusion coefficients	6
iav glycoproteins	6
pathogen spread	6
transcriptional activation	6
image analysis	6
like disease	6
excess cholesterol	6
coronavirus oc	6
cells induced	6
mm cacl	6
pathways leading	6
mortality rates	6
immune status	6
consecutive days	6
positive bacteria	6
confers protection	6
studies showed	6
american journal	6
including type	6
based reverse	6
pogostemonis herba	6
also contribute	6
cellular localization	6
cytokines il	6
system challenges	6
immune recognition	6
providing protection	6
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control vector	6
clinical settings	6
proteasomal degradation	6
among patients	6
lipid head	6
swine fever	6
will also	6
northern hemisphere	6
strain wsn	6
fluorescence intensity	6
following viral	6
reassortment events	6
virus mrna	6
metabolic state	6
equine influenza	6
light chain	6
ifitm signals	6
might also	6
sh protein	6
laboratory animals	6
high mortality	6
host machinery	6
higher levels	6
lymphoid cell	6
mediated ifn	6
neuraminidase activation	6
exudative macrophages	6
avian type	6
viral binding	6
nox inhibitor	6
authors read	6
virus protects	6
nox oxidase	6
iav may	6
inflammatory disorders	6
genome sequences	6
cytokine response	6
outbreak investigation	6
past influenza	6
recent evidence	6
fold lower	6
serine proteases	6
expressing ha	6
virus circulation	6
gaussia luciferase	6
virus glycoprotein	6
also thank	6
host resistance	6
data provide	6
reduced iav	6
treat iav	6
infection following	6
endosome hemifusion	6
cytokine release	6
host interactions	6
viral mrnas	6
mechanisms underlying	6
least partially	6
iav using	6
mediating viral	6
antiviral therapeutics	6
virus envelope	6
common cold	6
forkhead box	6
phosphate dehydrogenase	6
natural reservoir	6
gene copies	6
human sp	6
proteins may	6
health concern	6
human adenovirus	6
cells compared	6
cell numbers	6
i knockdown	6
spanish influenza	6
clinical diagnostic	6
also increase	6
virus titer	6
stained using	6
influenza neuraminidase	6
lung following	6
viral uptake	6
tumor suppressor	6
sted microscopy	6
autophagy induction	6
antigenically distinct	6
serological surveillance	6
early endosomes	6
chinese medicine	6
cells stably	6
stem cells	6
infected lung	6
like protein	6
specific receptor	6
load reduction	6
minor allele	6
control iav	6
na monomers	6
hct intersections	6
idv sequences	6
examined whether	6
domain protein	6
dk variant	6
lysis buffer	6
conserved among	6
ifn regulatory	6
consensome data	6
mouse pneumonia	6
presenting cells	6
grabbing nonintegrin	6
iav pandemic	6
broadly neutralizing	6
antiviral functions	6
mammalian species	6
point mutations	6
font monmouth	6
cellular processes	6
sialidase fusion	6
mucus gel	6
cleavage site	6
macrophage responses	6
green monkey	6
molecular assays	6
major cause	6
ha subtype	6
binding partners	6
mass spectrometry	6
hours post	6
multiple mechanisms	6
quantitative analysis	6
time quantitative	6
infection process	6
bats harbor	6
pdc inhibition	6
individual influenza	6
lung immunopathology	6
mediated disruption	6
exchange sars	6
mm edta	6
block viral	6
identifies human	6
iav co	6
viral nucleic	6
exhibited similar	6
viral genomes	6
reassortant iav	6
vascular permeability	6
human pulmonary	6
cytokine signaling	6
cellular receptors	6
recognition molecules	6
two distinct	6
res doi	6
mirna expression	6
analysis using	6
marker proteins	6
high level	6
cleavage sites	6
core structures	6
intracellular organelles	6
novel virus	6
mediated amplification	6
tcid assay	6