trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
influenza a virus	694
of influenza a	281
h n virus	280
cd t cells	237
as well as	222
h n influenza	212
of influenza virus	208
h n and	187
influenza a viruses	184
and h n	166
influenza virus infection	165
been shown to	155
the presence of	152
of h n	144
the h n	126
cd t cell	121
ha and na	120
n and h	116
the expression of	114
h n viruses	113
in response to	113
respiratory syncytial virus	110
h n pdm	104
has been shown	103
the role of	103
of the virus	97
the activation of	95
a h n	94
a virus infection	89
pandemic h n	89
in addition to	88
in the lung	87
memory cd t	86
in the presence	86
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	84
due to the	84
type i ifn	83
of the influenza	80
activation of the	78
the influenza virus	76
of the viral	75
the absence of	74
the effect of	74
in this study	73
n influenza virus	73
virus infection in	72
the nlrp inflammasome	71
cells in the	69
was shown to	67
of iav infection	67
in the absence	67
the development of	67
influenza a h	66
the number of	63
of influenza viruses	63
the induction of	63
shown to be	62
the use of	62
in the lungs	61
during iav infection	61
middle east respiratory	59
surfactant protein d	59
severe acute respiratory	59
the production of	59
the united states	59
avian influenza virus	59
east respiratory syndrome	59
n influenza a	58
is associated with	57
one of the	57
has also been	57
found to be	57
type i interferon	56
a and sp	56
acute respiratory syndrome	56
the influenza a	56
were infected with	55
lower respiratory tract	55
involved in the	54
h n iav	54
infected with iav	54
the cells were	54
according to the	53
t cells in	53
in vitro and	53
a cells were	53
as shown in	53
in swine in	53
influenza virus in	53
influenza viruses in	53
swine influenza virus	52
n influenza viruses	52
were found to	51
have been shown	51
to influenza a	51
innate immune response	51
surfactant protein a	51
the treatment of	51
highly pathogenic avian	51
of cd t	51
to determine the	50
is required for	50
specific cd t	50
a number of	49
tumor necrosis factor	48
h and h	48
of type i	48
the emergence of	48
a virus in	47
the inhibition of	47
the pathogenesis of	47
t cell responses	47
cells were infected	46
with h n	46
and in vivo	46
the cell surface	46
was used to	46
of the iav	46
pandemic influenza a	46
the release of	45
it has been	45
of swine influenza	44
avian influenza a	44
role in the	44
been reported to	44
of the h	44
was detected in	44
immune response to	44
airway epithelial cells	44
the effects of	44
of iav in	44
the formation of	43
in order to	43
h n infection	43
iav h n	43
in a cells	43
in influenza virus	43
the surface of	43
on the surface	43
vitro and in	43
expression of the	43
reassortant h n	42
pathogenic avian influenza	42
in contrast to	42
has been reported	42
influenza virus replication	42
iav infection in	42
a and b	42
in the united	42
alveolar epithelial cells	42
shown in fig	41
hepatitis c virus	41
for influenza virus	41
as a result	41
the plasma membrane	41
human immunodeficiency virus	41
an important role	40
in the context	40
in influenza a	40
upper respiratory tract	40
have been reported	40
swine influenza viruses	40
the immune system	40
for min at	39
the case of	39
the context of	39
like h n	39
infected a cells	39
based on the	39
in the upper	39
to iav infection	39
against influenza a	38
as previously described	38
to bind to	38
the ability of	38
acute lung injury	38
avian h n	38
hartshorn et al	38
influenza h n	38
the lack of	37
with pr virus	37
morbidity and mortality	37
cells infected with	37
origin h n	37
was determined by	36
the upper respiratory	36
for the treatment	36
of ha and	36
with influenza a	36
was observed in	36
in the case	36
is essential for	36
analysis of the	36
most of the	36
and characterization of	35
has granted medrxiv	35
is the author	35
swine h n	35
influenza virus infections	35
who has granted	35
medrxiv a license	35
such as the	35
a license to	35
of avian influenza	35
preprint in perpetuity	35
the author funder	35
to display the	35
license to display	35
a recent study	35
granted medrxiv a	35
the generation of	35
the preprint in	35
was found to	35
of the host	35
display the preprint	35
responsible for the	34
were detected in	34
is able to	34
the innate immune	34
structure of the	34
of human influenza	34
acute respiratory distress	34
response to iav	33
mice infected with	33
in the viral	33
compared to the	33
influenza virus hemagglutinin	33
respiratory distress syndrome	33
we found that	33
human influenza a	33
the immune response	33
detected in swine	33
infection in mice	33
t cell response	33
detected in the	33
antiviral activity of	33
is known to	33
of the nlrp	32
consistent with the	32
type i ifns	32
a mouse model	32
the severity of	32
important role in	32
of the human	32
of a novel	32
respiratory virus infection	32
of the immune	31
influenza b virus	31
in the human	31
were transfected with	31
at room temperature	31
inhibition of the	31
high levels of	31
n viruses were	31
during influenza virus	31
a role in	30
characterization of the	30
after iav infection	30
have also been	30
were treated with	30
present in the	30
to be a	30
have been identified	30
on the other	30
contribute to the	30
was performed using	29
of the ha	29
n virus in	29
which was not	29
cytokines and chemokines	29
n virus was	29
influenza virus a	29
increase in the	29
the ketogenic diet	29
respiratory virus infections	29
cells were transfected	29
as compared to	29
changes in the	28
west nile virus	28
a ketogenic diet	28
with or without	28
that can be	28
type i and	28
found in the	28
the host cell	28
the respiratory tract	28
swine influenza a	28
mouse model of	28
an increase in	27
nlrp inflammasome activation	27
are involved in	27
bronchial epithelial cells	27
virus infection and	27
mdck cells were	27
the first report	27
pi k akt	27
influenza c virus	27
the other hand	27
the function of	27
lung epithelial cells	27
the level of	27
of the swine	27
reported to be	27
of infected cells	27
avian influenza viruses	27
a total of	27
in patients with	27
infected with a	27
the cytokine storm	27
to determine whether	27
influenza a and	27
binding to the	26
three independent experiments	26
the majority of	26
role of the	26
for influenza a	26
syncytial virus infection	26
the detection of	26
iav infection and	26
nuclear export of	26
to inhibit the	26
associated with the	26
reactive oxygen species	26
of the pandemic	26
were incubated with	26
in iav infection	26
understanding of the	26
innate and adaptive	26
associated with severe	25
certified by peer	25
by peer review	25
in comparison with	25
of viral infection	25
swine in the	25
the copyright holder	25
first report of	25
the lower respiratory	25
not certified by	25
the lungs of	25
cells of the	25
host immune response	25
been associated with	25
for h at	25
is involved in	25
well as the	25
virus infections in	25
inhibition of iav	25
able to bind	25
avian and human	25
h n avian	25
human h n	25
in mdck cells	25
was not certified	25
a range of	25
the ha and	24
an h n	24
infection of human	24
virus in swine	24
the importance of	24
of sialic acid	24
the impact of	24
from pigs in	24
n swine influenza	24
in this review	24
have shown that	24
m ion channel	24
the binding of	24
against influenza virus	24
showed that the	24
h n swine	24
in a mouse	24
iav and ibv	24
the addition of	24
can lead to	24
the mechanism of	24
in cell culture	24
response to influenza	24
epithelial cells and	24
innate immune responses	24
the activity of	24
viral infection and	24
is crucial for	24
been demonstrated to	24
human airway epithelial	24
closely related to	23
was reported in	23
in agreement with	23
of cell death	23
as described previously	23
is an important	23
a virus replication	23
to infection with	23
is consistent with	23
activity of the	23
of pandemic h	23
h n none	23
the levels of	23
vesicular stomatitis virus	23
pigs in the	23
were used to	23
the authors declare	23
known to be	23
induced lung injury	23
in the pathogenesis	23
was used as	23
seasonal h n	23
respiratory viral infections	23
was added to	22
this version posted	22
of the hemagglutinin	22
a cytokine storm	22
copyright holder for	22
to influenza virus	22
in the cytoplasm	22
each of the	22
of surfactant protein	22
related to the	22
the pandemic h	22
of the most	22
included in the	22
are known to	22
preprint this version	22
depending on the	22
for this preprint	22
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase	22
the viral genome	22
the interaction between	22
by influenza a	22
a viruses in	22
this preprint this	22
respiratory tract of	22
weeks of age	22
we observed that	22
the course of	22
h n pandemic	22
shown in figure	22
has been demonstrated	22
the fact that	22
holder for this	22
located in the	22
against h n	21
of seasonal influenza	21
in wild birds	21
in the same	21
n virus isolates	21
of acute respiratory	21
the host immune	21
by western blotting	21
part of the	21
of wdnhbe cells	21
contributes to the	21
influenza other respir	21
to h n	21
virus infection by	21
initial binding rate	21
virus infection of	21
lead to the	21
infection with a	21
to evaluate the	21
infection in a	21
a systematic review	21
were collected from	21
cells were fixed	21
virus h n	21
need to be	21
at h p	21
immunodeficiency virus type	21
in h n	21
of these viruses	21
were shown to	21
entry of iav	21
the identification of	20
figshare file f	20
a result of	20
adaptive immune responses	20
on the viral	20
influenza viruses from	20
years of age	20
studies have shown	20
ion channel activity	20
protein of influenza	20
leads to the	20
cells were treated	20
of ap m	20
no reuse allowed	20
effect on the	20
a moi of	20
in pigs in	20
influenza virus and	20
the prevalence of	20
transmission of influenza	20
a virus and	20
in the future	20
the recruitment of	20
virus ns protein	20
allowed without permission	20
was found in	20
are shown in	20
viruses in swine	20
to that of	20
activated protein kinase	20
a variety of	20
play a role	20
immunity to influenza	20
also been shown	20
the amino acid	20
cells transfected with	20
t cells and	20
reuse allowed without	20
of pandemic influenza	20
the airway epithelium	20
has not been	20
had no effect	20
all rights reserved	20
data suggest that	19
data not shown	19
the epidemiology of	19
viruses in pigs	19
severe iav infection	19
detection of influenza	19
levels of gm	19
the regulation of	19
be able to	19
type iii ifn	19
in our study	19
varki et al	19
also known as	19
specific memory cd	19
in iav infected	19
required for the	19
the rate of	19
suggest that the	19
remains to be	19
that of the	19
was obtained from	19
of the innate	19
to increase the	19
of iav and	19
the potential of	19
reported in swine	19
viral load and	19
in the lower	19
against iav infection	19
the risk of	19
protective role of	19
at least one	19
be due to	19
surface of the	19
viral replication and	19
balb c mice	18
of tumor necrosis	18
in wdnhbe cells	18
at a moi	18
specificity of the	18
in these cells	18
h n in	18
the need for	18
infection with iav	18
were reported in	18
the inflammatory response	18
of influenza b	18
obtained from the	18
be used to	18
used for the	18
results suggest that	18
mutations in the	18
low levels of	18
also been reported	18
a critical role	18
are responsible for	18
treatment of iav	18
virus replication and	18
of a cells	18
mediated activation of	18
samples collected from	18
hek t cells	18
a virus hemagglutinin	18
increased levels of	18
herpes simplex virus	18
we did not	18
and influenza a	18
h n subtypes	18
levels in the	18
p and p	18
was isolated from	18
viruses in the	18
be involved in	18
infection in the	18
upon iav infection	18
shown to increase	18
strains of iav	18
week and week	18
was used for	18
in a murine	18
the ability to	18
as described in	18
in epithelial cells	18
reading et al	18
approved by the	18
porcine reproductive and	18
the potential to	18
is responsible for	18
infected with pr	18
by pr virus	18
used as a	18
dependent on the	18
n virus infection	17
type i interferons	17
innate immune system	17
a and d	17
a virus from	17
the occurrence of	17
bind to the	17
min at room	17
no effect on	17
n viruses in	17
in accordance with	17
and in the	17
virus isolates were	17
the replication of	17
in chinese swine	17
surfactant proteins a	17
a role for	17
to the cell	17
results in the	17
influenza virus is	17
when compared to	17
roles in the	17
treatment of influenza	17
associated with influenza	17
needs to be	17
in the respiratory	17
and atii cells	17
single nucleotide polymorphisms	17
mediated inhibition of	17
are required for	17
antiviral effects of	17
and b viruses	17
highly pathogenic h	17
reproductive and respiratory	17
also able to	17
of innate immune	17
viruses were detected	17
hepatitis b virus	17
viral infections in	17
was reported to	17
virus in the	17
the viral envelope	17
with influenza virus	17
are associated with	17
can bind to	17
medicine and cellular	17
in the iav	17
the most common	17
cov e protein	17
the influence of	17
was associated with	17
and mortality in	17
and cellular longevity	17
in innate immunity	17
were obtained from	17
these results suggest	17
wang et al	17
used in the	17
into the cytoplasm	17
shown to inhibit	17
been implicated in	17
the ha protein	17
and activation of	17
and respiratory syndrome	17
been reported in	17
of curcumin derivatives	17
prior to infection	17
of the cell	17
the iav infection	17
in comparison to	17
oxidative medicine and	17
of the lung	17
increased expression of	17
of proinflammatory cytokines	17
in infected cells	17
by infection with	17
of the antiviral	17
of middle east	16
results showed that	16
interacts with the	16
lead to a	16
of avian h	16
to be the	16
madan et al	16
the cell cycle	16
to investigate the	16
for the development	16
lung injury and	16
response to viral	16
in mammalian cells	16
found positive for	16
in children with	16
which has been	16
n avian influenza	16
the results of	16
to the host	16
were identified in	16
members of the	16
by binding to	16
in hospitalized children	16
in line with	16
to the virus	16
shown to have	16
in hong kong	16
is dependent on	16
inflammatory cytokines and	16
an inhibitor of	16
and evolution of	16
memory t cells	16
respiratory viral infection	16
during influenza infection	16
of the same	16
pathogenic h n	16
the nuclear export	16
as described above	16
in the influenza	16
sequences obtained from	16
infection with pr	16
and pandemic influenza	16
activation of nf	16
at the nucleotide	16
were used for	16
iav strains in	16
no vac cha	16
the response to	16
several studies have	16
and type iii	16
wille et al	16
infected with the	16
ha na balance	16
on the expression	16
were observed in	16
iav infection was	16
likely due to	16
murine model of	16
amino acid level	16
to viral infection	16
versus the iav	16
of iav was	16
the interaction of	16
wide range of	16
play an important	16
on iav infection	16
regulation of the	16
there is a	16
of human immunodeficiency	16
resulted in a	16
i and iii	16
mice treated with	16
were positive for	16
the magnitude of	16
in the study	16
in swine at	16
respiratory syndrome virus	16
can also be	16
for h n	16
on the virus	16
the mitochondrial matrix	16
the host response	16
the dynamics of	16
and pathogenesis of	16
may not be	16
of respiratory syncytial	16
human influenza virus	16
the uptake of	16
have not been	16
influenza virus ns	15
of virus particles	15
a wide range	15
weight loss and	15
there was no	15
swine farm in	15
sitosterol on the	15
the phosphorylation of	15
transmission of avian	15
van eijk et	15
the present study	15
results indicate that	15
induced by the	15
to study the	15
in vivo and	15
any of the	15
presence or absence	15
responses to influenza	15
iav in the	15
influenza virus vaccine	15
respiratory epithelial cells	15
the distribution of	15
of viral rna	15
the site of	15
t cells are	15
followed by infection	15
the accumulation of	15
respiratory tract infections	15
h n strain	15
alveolar type ii	15
was also observed	15
inhibition of influenza	15
network data exchange	15
intranasal administration of	15
it is also	15
added to the	15
and na genes	15
darby canine kidney	15
and dengue virus	15
avian influenza h	15
which is a	15
mediated signaling pathway	15
pathogenesis of influenza	15
nature of the	15
to interact with	15
of the sars	15
a puerto rico	15
that have been	15
the antiviral activity	15
induced transmembrane proteins	15
human bronchial epithelial	15
a murine model	15
influenza virus from	15
binds to the	15
from the same	15
the nucleotide level	15
leading to the	15
injury induced by	15
the degree of	15
and mdck cells	15
viruses have been	15
which may be	15
eijk et al	15
h n strains	15
is important for	15
a decrease in	15
the viral polymerase	15
differences in the	15
and cd t	15
to the activation	15
of severe acute	15
to sars infection	15
we show that	15
is possible that	15
viruses isolated from	15
shown to bind	15
pdm virus in	15
found to have	15
plays an important	15
is thought to	15
the onset of	15
patients with severe	15
in the treatment	15
of viral replication	15
by h n	15
or absence of	15
was supported by	15
suggesting that the	15
following iav infection	15
characterization of a	15
it is possible	15
resident memory cd	15
acts as a	15
due to its	15
presence of fcs	15
for the detection	15
virus isolated from	14
apoptosis induced by	14
immune response and	14
i ifn signaling	14
as a potential	14
in the culture	14
pdm virus was	14
are able to	14
virus in a	14
of the respiratory	14
transfected with a	14
multiple comparisons test	14
were able to	14
infection with influenza	14
similar to that	14
virus was detected	14
iav control group	14
to the lung	14
is one of	14
to contribute to	14
nlrp inflammasome in	14
iav has been	14
similar to the	14
cells treated with	14
titers in the	14
available under a	14
compared to mock	14
consistent with our	14
virus m protein	14
influenza viruses and	14
of influenza c	14
human influenza viruses	14
t cells were	14
to cov infection	14
influenza virus neuraminidase	14
is the first	14
replication in vitro	14
of severe influenza	14
addition to the	14
is also able	14
and normalised to	14
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	14
generation of recombinant	14
the endoplasmic reticulum	14
proteins a and	14
their ability to	14
the increase in	14
the virus to	14
the ns protein	14
such as iav	14
mechanism by which	14
of influenza vaccines	14
of a virus	14
analysis was performed	14
resulting in a	14
to sialic acid	14
this study was	14
the network data	14
pulmonary surfactant protein	14
made available under	14
authors declare no	14
induced transmembrane protein	14
with a pr	14
to decrease the	14
of patients with	14
indicating that the	14
the presence or	14
i and type	14
in the last	14
associated with increased	14
recent studies have	14
and in vitro	14
may lead to	14
in pregnant women	14
shown in table	14
amino acid residues	14
is a key	14
the mechanisms of	14
compton et al	14
one h n	14
sialic acid receptors	14
proteins in the	14
prevalence of iav	14
pig id at	14
a is the	14
and influenza virus	14
inhibitory effect of	14
the virus and	14
following respiratory virus	14
cell cycle arrest	14
on the cell	14
was performed in	14
cytokine and chemokine	14
were determined by	14
of the study	14
and inhibition of	14
n pdm virus	14
conflict of interest	14
of highly pathogenic	14
of respiratory viruses	14
thought to be	14
of the inflammatory	14
in terms of	14
in exhibition swine	13
protein is a	13
role of nrf	13
been shown that	13
due to a	13
mg kg day	13
and incubated with	13
the concentration of	13
contrast to the	13
with severe influenza	13
of pr mtsin	13
pb opt cells	13
to understand the	13
response to infection	13
infected with h	13
a virus ns	13
and release of	13
to assess the	13
provided by the	13
or in the	13
the survival of	13
b and c	13
was able to	13
of iav np	13
t cells to	13
in primary human	13
international license it	13
innate immunity to	13
could not be	13
reported that the	13
the sialic acid	13
seasonal and pandemic	13
it is made	13
it is not	13
for production of	13
at h post	13
n virus antibodies	13
of apoptotic cells	13
in viral infection	13
virus was reported	13
influenza virus by	13
soluble host lectins	13
in combination with	13
the m protein	13
was measured by	13
of viral infections	13
induced cell death	13
antiviral activity against	13
in presence of	13
iav replication in	13
patients infected with	13
be associated with	13
replication of the	13
in activation of	13
was performed to	13
detection of iav	13
activation of caspase	13
available in the	13
influenza virus m	13
structure and function	13
susceptibility to influenza	13
observed in the	13
n pdm and	13
under a is	13
zhang et al	13
function of the	13
cells were incubated	13
the extent of	13
genetic characterization of	13
influenza d virus	13
been linked to	13
critical role in	13
disruption of the	13
in the swine	13
type ii cells	13
a and mdck	13
to our knowledge	13
h n dk	13
cell death and	13
influenza and other	13
characterization of influenza	13
and adaptive immunity	13
identification of the	13
at week and	13
which in turn	13
found infected with	13
of the infection	13
everitt et al	13
were included in	13
agreement with the	13
on the host	13
shown to induce	13
caused by the	13
in the ifitm	13
has been observed	13
malhotra et al	13
of the interferon	13
a reduction in	13
of pi k	13
nucleotide level and	13
isolated from pigs	13
this is the	13
mouse models of	13
a swine farm	13
it can be	13
in mouse models	13
carbohydrate recognition domain	13
of avian and	13
version posted may	13
c and c	13
is likely to	13
in human airway	13
the entry of	13
upper and lower	13
for at least	13
been identified in	13
is critical for	13
virus replication by	13
to the cytoplasm	13
receptor binding and	13
or h n	13
the human population	13
is regulated by	13
license it is	13
samples were collected	13
infection of mice	13
the amount of	13
divergent at the	13
n and a	13
an moi of	13
levels of the	13
after infection with	13
is made available	13
as a receptor	13
the initial binding	13
in human lung	13
influenza virus h	13
iav positive swine	13
on the contrary	13
for the generation	13
polymorphisms in the	13
linked sialic acids	12
of iav infections	12
zhao et al	12
the viral surface	12
alveolar epithelial cell	12
and is a	12
following infection with	12
of standard virus	12
severe influenza virus	12
of pa on	12
response to the	12
of human and	12
likely to be	12
derived dendritic cells	12
to swine transmission	12
as part of	12
essential for the	12
infection in humans	12
should be considered	12
is activated by	12
the cov consensomes	12
in both the	12
glycoprotein of influenza	12
may contribute to	12
were found positive	12
immune response in	12
correlated with the	12
and alveolar macrophages	12
virus replication in	12
virus in mice	12
pneumonia in mice	12
the kinetics of	12
study showed that	12
have been described	12
in humans and	12
of dendritic cells	12
of inflammatory cytokines	12
shown to decrease	12
no competing interests	12
the type i	12
of the cd	12
a subset of	12
to examine the	12
and adaptive immune	12
a moderately high	12
to have a	12
the mice were	12
studies on the	12
in swine samples	12
highest number of	12
type ii transmembrane	12
in this context	12
virus control group	12
of influenza in	12
influenza virus isolates	12
virus in pigs	12
led to a	12
of nlrp inflammasome	12
spatial organization of	12
for the first	12
release of viral	12
by interfering with	12
expression of ifitm	12
the control group	12
the cd t	12
the viral rna	12
positive for iav	12
in the first	12
were negative for	12
at the cell	12
the highest number	12
cytotoxic t cells	12
with sialic acid	12
avian and swine	12
strong nuclear np	12
both h n	12
cells and the	12
interferon regulatory factor	12
phylogenetic analysis of	12
to public health	12
of three independent	12
recombinant influenza viruses	12
influenza viruses to	12
the result of	12
cd t lymphocytes	12
and swine influenza	12
production of infectious	12
is mediated by	12
after treatment with	12
have been associated	12
depends on the	12
adnrf followed by	12
was carried out	12
of the a	12
development of novel	12
to inhibit iav	12
end of the	12
at the amino	12
programmed cell death	12
were analyzed by	12
h n iavs	12
in the control	12
is shown in	12
of surfactant proteins	12
a cells with	12
amino acids in	12
by plaque assay	12
well as in	12
transmission of the	12
also observed in	12
indicate that the	12
unfolded protein response	12
increased risk of	12
genome sequence of	12
infections in humans	12
linked to the	12
lung surfactant protein	12
human lung epithelial	12
by influenza virus	12
iav in swine	12
proinflammatory cytokine production	12
ifitm signal intensity	12
that pa may	12
the synthesis of	12
a gift from	12
seasonal influenza a	12
and pandemic h	12
to identify the	12
cells were washed	12
sano et al	12
and lower respiratory	12
with respiratory syncytial	12
the lung and	12
protein kinase c	12
and susceptibility to	12
the relationship between	12
virus infected cells	12
virus was isolated	12
ns protein of	12
from the swine	12
were found infected	12
plasmacytoid dendritic cells	12
care and use	12
of cov infection	12
human and avian	12
important for the	12
can be used	12
at an moi	12
be explained by	12
appears to be	12
to play a	12
at the same	12
immune responses in	12
the efficacy of	12
the involvement of	12
the highly pathogenic	12
is independent of	12
in case of	12
of infection and	12
was not observed	12
the nature of	12
also shown to	12
and function of	12
immune responses to	12
these results indicate	12
seems to be	12
swine sera samples	12
appeared to have	11
authors declare that	11
com scientificdata www	11
insight into the	11
a cells at	11
inflammasome activation in	11
at h postinfection	11
isolated from a	11
for the iav	11
the outcome of	11
a series of	11
the mechanism by	11
we used a	11
for iav infection	11
focus formation assay	11
of patchouli alcohol	11
suggesting that pa	11
the antigenic sites	11
such as those	11
the virus is	11
crucial for the	11
binding of the	11
reported in the	11
in the nucleus	11
adaptive immune response	11
to the nucleus	11
is inhibited by	11
influenza a infection	11
restricts influenza a	11
t cell effector	11
at different time	11
the application of	11
of avian iavs	11
been reported that	11
human host factors	11
serological evidence of	11
nanopore metagenomic sequencing	11
models of acute	11
at uc for	11
also involved in	11
more susceptible to	11
pattern recognition receptors	11
mice per group	11
in the induction	11
in the antigenic	11
transmission of iav	11
rna viral infection	11
innate lymphoid cells	11
in the current	11
and m proteins	11
expression levels of	11
in which the	11
together with the	11
yang et al	11
mortality associated with	11
associated with an	11
were found in	11
to the swine	11
disease severity in	11
the current study	11
is induced by	11
not able to	11
bound to the	11
epithelial cells in	11
used in this	11
by alveolar macrophages	11
acute respiratory infections	11
was performed on	11
of vdid dequenching	11
with the same	11
cd and cd	11
structural and functional	11
interspecies transmission of	11
iav replication and	11
this work was	11
elevated levels of	11
host ap m	11
a strong nuclear	11
induced by iav	11
characterization of h	11
strains of influenza	11
followed by the	11
of the protein	11
damage to the	11
ifitm and ifitm	11
by the presence	11
the transmission of	11
the direction of	11
the iav control	11
to induce apoptosis	11
type iii ifns	11
required for efficient	11
induction of apoptosis	11
been found to	11
found that the	11
role of host	11
with regard to	11
during viral infection	11
results in a	11
with severe iav	11
the golgi apparatus	11
severe iav infections	11
pseudovirus neutralization assay	11
in figure a	11
viruses such as	11
severe h n	11
during influenza a	11
zoonotic transmission of	11
of iav replication	11
because of the	11
identified in the	11
of the pathogen	11
are expressed as	11
gene expression in	11
some of the	11
from swine in	11
of an h	11
there is no	11
in the airways	11
severe influenza in	11
origin iav strains	11
significant increase in	11
our understanding of	11
increases susceptibility to	11
appear to be	11
was purchased from	11
iav infected cells	11
compared with the	11
the viral infection	11
influenza virus propagation	11
s and s	11
the virus was	11
the lungs and	11
factors such as	11
emergence of a	11
iav infection is	11
resulting in the	11
prevention and control	11
mice from lethal	11
its role in	11
as the mean	11
has the potential	11
the end of	11
function in the	11
were purchased from	11
and the cells	11
virus infection is	11
the combination of	11
viral infection in	11
induces apoptosis in	11
cell death in	11
to reduce the	11
from the lung	11
of pig id	11
during the first	11
infection of the	11
induction of type	11
protection against influenza	11
demonstrated that the	11
immune response against	11
a review of	11
generation of influenza	11
is a major	11
of memory cd	11
is needed to	11
the most prevalent	11
which is the	11
region of the	11
virus at a	11
infected cells were	11
the protective role	11
of acute pneumonia	11
respiratory infections in	11
accordance with the	11
did not affect	11
of the pigs	11
impact on the	11
fetal bovine serum	11
human and swine	11
identification of a	11
in the regulation	11
the lungs were	11
for antiviral therapy	11
in the development	11
by iav infection	11
of an influenza	11
of viral respiratory	11
this suggests that	11
of innate immunity	11
benne et al	10
in respiratory virus	10
as determined by	10
and dendritic cells	10
to induce the	10
the susceptibility of	10
both in vitro	10
two h n	10
in animal models	10
the viral ha	10
line with this	10
risk of death	10
implicated in the	10
has been proposed	10
for the production	10
infection in vitro	10
in the school	10
active iav infection	10
large number of	10
in the response	10
of the mitochondrial	10
an influenza a	10
a model of	10
and has been	10
and stored at	10
be used for	10
effects of the	10
prior to the	10
production of il	10
western blot analysis	10
influenza viruses with	10
play a critical	10
broad spectrum of	10
of mice infected	10
influenza a nucleoprotein	10
viruses and the	10
the virus with	10
susceptible to iav	10
apoptosis in human	10
and respiratory syncytial	10
natural killer cells	10
by the viral	10
were grown in	10
to the lungs	10
pandemic influenza virus	10
cell response to	10
na on the	10
the transcription of	10
cells such as	10
were associated with	10
be caused by	10
in swine populations	10
associated with a	10
of recombinant influenza	10
human infection with	10
of the first	10
np and hsp	10
test was used	10
the ha of	10
magnitude of the	10
the survival rate	10
in the sars	10
inhibition of pkr	10
fusion of the	10
the epidemiology and	10
and the h	10
the infection of	10
of the epidemiology	10
for treatment of	10
of ifitm and	10
mice were infected	10
the design of	10
to the h	10
the introduction of	10
iav infection has	10
the ha na	10
production in the	10
animal models of	10
but not the	10
virus infection a	10
the biology of	10
viral clearance and	10
in the nasal	10
considered to be	10
in the liver	10
the pathogenicity of	10
levels of mbl	10
emergence of new	10
referred to as	10
of mice with	10
induced expression of	10
it is likely	10
strains of h	10
in the membrane	10
in the airway	10
as mentioned above	10
host immune responses	10
in the activation	10
of iav is	10
c for min	10
other respiratory viruses	10
and na proteins	10
of rna viruses	10
which results in	10
has shown that	10
led to the	10
and iii ifns	10
of the viruses	10
of t cells	10
were inoculated with	10
cells in response	10
were collected and	10
the in vivo	10
compared to wild	10
vac no cha	10
no conflict of	10
swine transmission of	10
antibodies in swine	10
inhibition of np	10
been detected in	10
induced by pr	10
h n subtype	10
the capacity of	10
the frequency of	10
innate immune cells	10
embryonated chicken eggs	10
by the addition	10
in the cellular	10
comparison with pr	10
based on a	10
outbreak of influenza	10
incubated for h	10
amino acid change	10
it was demonstrated	10
is well known	10
e ubiquitin ligase	10
membrane fusion and	10
indicated that the	10
of the m	10
were seeded in	10
nile virus infection	10
in mexican swine	10
in cd t	10
influenza virus rna	10
the lung airways	10
there are no	10
influenza b viruses	10
expression in the	10
the adaptive immune	10
different time points	10
h or h	10
identification and characterization	10
nuclear import of	10
a broad spectrum	10
the reduction of	10
to test this	10
signaling pathway nodes	10
and incubated at	10
and regulation of	10
the availability of	10
at lg ml	10
antigenic and genetic	10
direct interaction with	10
internal gene segments	10
sialic acid residues	10
infection has been	10
suggested that the	10
in regulation of	10
obtained from pigs	10
and other respiratory	10
those in the	10
the first time	10
chesarino et al	10
compared to control	10
apparently healthy swine	10
the mbl gene	10
a binds to	10
circulating in humans	10
viruses were identified	10
of the glycan	10
depend on the	10
of cytokines and	10
involved in iav	10
were performed in	10
like and atii	10
wide variety of	10
respiratory tract infection	10
and na subtypes	10
antiviral potential of	10
expression of proinflammatory	10
to protect against	10
between iav and	10
the mucus layer	10
susceptibility to iav	10
in this process	10
can result in	10
lethal influenza infection	10
risk factors for	10
response to sars	10
k akt pathway	10
no vac no	10
influenza virus strains	10
in the blood	10
required for influenza	10
in lung epithelial	10
lung viral titers	10
gene segments of	10
the ratio of	10
luciferase activity was	10
review and meta	10
origin influenza a	10
nasal swab samples	10
heat shock protein	10
were performed by	10
of epithelial cells	10
the same time	10
for h and	10
epithelial cell apoptosis	10
to blunt the	9
complete genome sequence	9
a panel of	9
iav infected mice	9
mechanism of action	9
viral respiratory infections	9
used as the	9
critical role of	9
was inhibited by	9
type lectin receptors	9
airway epithelium in	9
nasal swabs and	9
lungs of mice	9
bailey et al	9
and incubated for	9
the lectin pathway	9
number of studies	9
data indicate that	9
remains neutral with	9
during infection with	9
we investigated the	9
viral titers in	9
epithelial cells by	9
influenza virus vaccines	9
viruses from pigs	9
hek cells were	9
h challenge strains	9
infection with adnrf	9
the susceptibility to	9
the possibility of	9
resulted in increased	9
nuclear export protein	9
single amino acid	9
with respect to	9
resistance to influenza	9
receptors in the	9
respiratory viruses in	9
and avian influenza	9
expression of np	9
effects on the	9
increased susceptibility to	9
the integrity of	9
of the two	9
expression of iav	9
the lung tissues	9
would like to	9
into the nucleus	9
of apoptosis in	9
in the ha	9
t cells is	9
against viral infection	9
the supernatants of	9
infection of iav	9
in published maps	9
a novel influenza	9
the human respiratory	9
response to cov	9
swine appeared in	9
was detected by	9
and human iavs	9
has been found	9
cells with a	9
by blocking the	9
the apical surface	9
next generation sequencing	9
those of the	9
the contribution of	9
consistent with this	9
hct intersection networks	9
of neutralizing antibodies	9
the ifitm signal	9
t cell immunity	9
cellular signaling pathways	9
not appear to	9
are critical for	9
at the site	9
a wide variety	9
and institutional affiliations	9
to human health	9
jurisdictional claims in	9
after virus adsorption	9
and membrane fusion	9
gpr a signaling	9
jack et al	9
isolated from the	9
in swine sera	9
human respiratory tract	9
in the alveolar	9
is the most	9
n and pandemic	9
studies suggest that	9
iav infection by	9
amplification of the	9
a model for	9
is likely that	9
presence of the	9
genetic diversity of	9
in swine during	9
results of the	9
fatty acid oxidation	9
in a recent	9
infected cells with	9
there was a	9
is expected to	9
a virus infections	9
evolution of the	9
and it is	9
in the immune	9
viral m protein	9
context of viral	9
associated molecular patterns	9
model of influenza	9
induction of the	9
dendritic cells and	9
of the disease	9
sampled at week	9
the lung index	9
able to inhibit	9
swine in china	9
pfu cell pr	9
glycans on the	9
was also shown	9
the ap m	9
is located in	9
many of these	9
could lead to	9
the culture supernatants	9
be required for	9
tolf et al	9
the effectiveness of	9
creative commons license	9
days after infection	9
significant difference in	9
by using the	9
iav m protein	9
vivo and in	9
citric acid cycle	9
host defence peptides	9
thermo fisher scientific	9
nature remains neutral	9
signal transducer and	9
a virus m	9
the time of	9
oxidative stress and	9
swine influenza in	9
was performed as	9
assembly and budding	9
during respiratory syncytial	9
course of infection	9
in mice and	9
of the eight	9
and disease severity	9
primary and secondary	9
human transmission of	9
of fusion pores	9
to the surface	9
infected with pandemic	9
plasma membrane of	9
out of the	9
protein expression was	9
published maps and	9
maps and institutional	9
mice and humans	9
and h subtypes	9
the virus in	9
strain h n	9
from the apical	9
animal and human	9
be infected with	9
and can be	9
pathogenesis of iav	9
functions as a	9
three times with	9
springer nature remains	9
isolation of a	9
cells from the	9
neutral with regard	9
development of a	9
by the host	9
role for the	9
viruses and their	9
antiviral activities of	9
response to a	9
between avian and	9
with type i	9
early stages of	9
and activator of	9
following rsv infection	9
components of the	9
risk of severe	9
has been implicated	9
epithelial cells of	9
activator of transcription	9
this study were	9
virus titers in	9
claims in published	9
virus antibodies in	9
more than one	9
in this case	9
the last two	9
cells were seeded	9
the hemagglutinin of	9
in absence of	9
the spread of	9
cells were then	9
transducer and activator	9
i interferon signaling	9
total rna was	9
of the upr	9
ind entry of	9
to jurisdictional claims	9
been suggested to	9
infections in hospitalized	9
virus entry by	9
on influenza a	9
h n was	9
the control of	9
cell effector functions	9
cells were harvested	9
the recognition of	9
at the indicated	9
the specificity of	9
and cells were	9
influenza infection in	9
the process of	9
it should be	9
absence of oc	9
influenza virus isolated	9
supported by the	9
from pigs sampled	9
were reported from	9
medium supplemented with	9
shown that the	9
identified as a	9
pr virus alone	9
a study of	9
pathogenic strains of	9
integrity of the	9
in vivo studies	9
the efficiency of	9
sialic acid binding	9
identified h n	9
basis for the	9
wu et al	9
and h challenge	9
host response to	9
influenza virus transmission	9
dendritic cells to	9
cell death programs	9
evidence for a	9
a link between	9
were reported to	9
many of the	9
in the cell	9
peripheral blood mononuclear	9
human airway epithelium	9
dependent rna polymerase	9
nasal epithelial cells	9
viral rna synthesis	9
coronavirus spike protein	9
localization of ifitm	9
it is well	9
of fatty acid	9
presence of serum	9
not result in	9
and cell death	9
may also be	9
of na activity	9
important roles in	9
virus infection the	9
results show that	9
in the infection	9
performed using the	9
syndrome coronavirus infection	9
growth factor receptor	9
expression was determined	9
a cells infected	9
consistent with previous	9
a single amino	9
m and m	9
are the most	9
presence of a	9
receptor binding specificity	9
of the haemagglutinin	9
interaction of the	9
the inhibitory effect	9
within the lung	9
open reading frame	9
there is an	9
of the airway	9
the loss of	9
cells and alveolar	9
of vrnp complex	9
demonstrated to be	9
acute respiratory infection	9
the length of	9
data showed that	9
during the last	9
in the present	9
are thought to	9
of host cells	9
its ability to	9
of iav entry	9
assay was performed	9
version posted april	9
pa may be	9
with adnrf followed	9
in host defense	9
min at uc	9
were retrieved from	9
of nrf in	9
regulatory t cells	9
it was shown	9
serve as a	9
for use in	9
regard to jurisdictional	9
the complement system	9
body weight loss	9
c and d	9
with the viral	9
infected with influenza	9
for h before	9
gene expression data	9
the molecular basis	9
an overview of	9
compared to a	9
treatment with pa	9
pb e k	9
was the first	9
kindly provided by	9
the influenza pandemic	9
result in the	9
systematic review and	9
risk factor for	9
in tissue culture	9
effects of curcumin	9
expression of rig	9
syncytial virus and	9
of hepatitis c	9
pdm viruses were	9
catenin signalling pathway	9
can be induced	9
levels of il	9
to be an	9
in the host	9
a hong kong	9
a key role	8
raf mek erk	8
viral membrane fusion	8
rna polymerase i	8
number of iav	8
ability of the	8
studies indicate that	8
induced acute lung	8
mediated by the	8
blunt the cytokine	8
susceptibility to infection	8
molecular basis of	8
the transcription factor	8
functional balance between	8
the evaluation of	8
protects mice from	8
be an important	8
iav infection with	8
of influenza viral	8
does not appear	8
restriction of viral	8
prevalence of influenza	8
was measured using	8
pathogenesis of avian	8
virus entry and	8
at later time	8
to the plasma	8
ha of the	8
of the molecular	8
and hl nl	8
in uninfected cells	8
the association of	8
neutrophil extracellular traps	8
immune cells in	8
and balf samples	8
c virus infection	8
was performed by	8
replication of influenza	8
swabs and balf	8
the s r	8
iav entry by	8
iav infected a	8
eif a phosphorylation	8
survival rate of	8
to generate a	8
to the a	8
the probability of	8
an outbreak of	8
viruses in wild	8
transmission of h	8
were fixed with	8
be related to	8
susceptibility to secondary	8
subtypes have been	8
and p mapk	8
is necessary for	8
infections in the	8
recruited to the	8
influenza virus challenge	8
were stained with	8
log decrease at	8
later time points	8
infected cells by	8
been proposed to	8
in a human	8
early after infection	8
influenza virus pathogenesis	8
and chemokines in	8
macrophages and neutrophils	8
to determine if	8
cells and in	8
case of sars	8
of a number	8
of iav strains	8
of the cellular	8
has been described	8
interaction with the	8
for detection of	8
and muc b	8
in figure b	8
it is worth	8
the ha gene	8
huang et al	8
susceptible to infection	8
shown in the	8
are needed to	8
has been identified	8
the no vac	8
sites of the	8
at the plasma	8
mutation in the	8
in human macrophages	8
the assembly of	8
induced inflammation and	8
a virus nucleoprotein	8
a virus entry	8
at the time	8
in recent years	8
of the samples	8
transmission of a	8
the ifitm proteins	8
we hypothesized that	8
van asbeck et	8
influenza in the	8
persistent directional mobility	8
to the initial	8
i ifn production	8
a past exposure	8
mitochondrial nad nadh	8
for the influenza	8
animal care and	8
in this regard	8
the balance between	8
of the individual	8
in swine and	8
of snps in	8
in these studies	8
seasonal influenza virus	8
lead to increased	8
airborne iav densities	8
the viral replication	8
from iav infection	8
of the alveolar	8
cell lysates were	8
that they have	8
isolation and characterization	8
from influenza virus	8
the viral membrane	8
wdnhbe cells with	8
lethal influenza virus	8
strain of influenza	8
but not in	8
a target for	8
with a novel	8
declare no conflict	8
of airborne iav	8
distribution of the	8
of viral lectins	8
allen et al	8
and its role	8
lethal iav infection	8
rna and dna	8
of the role	8
effect of the	8
that the virus	8
into host cells	8
released from the	8
cells were inoculated	8
t cells that	8
a type ii	8
infection in swine	8
n iav infection	8
the fusion of	8
washed three times	8
been observed in	8
and activates the	8
response to h	8
was analyzed by	8
stimulated with ifn	8
were subjected to	8
decrease in the	8
component of the	8
in a dose	8
ind iav entry	8
to host cells	8
the study of	8
hl and hl	8
of the infected	8
consistent with a	8
of adaptive immunity	8
viral genome replication	8
influenza virus entry	8
we observed a	8
the membranes were	8
virus infection influenza	8
case of iav	8
tract of humans	8
the peripheral blood	8
observed that the	8
of the population	8
in dendritic cells	8
no significant difference	8
associated with high	8
of human cells	8
contributing to the	8
novel influenza a	8
note springer nature	8
the upper and	8
a crucial role	8
different iav strains	8
in the spp	8
the cleavage of	8
receptor tyrosine kinases	8
genetic and antigenic	8
by the influenza	8
experimental infection of	8
from a swine	8
serves as a	8
led to increased	8
has been associated	8
structure of influenza	8
the type of	8
of a new	8
of lipid mixing	8
which can be	8
amino acid sequences	8
with a high	8
focused on the	8
in mice infected	8
critical role for	8
h n or	8
leading to a	8
induced cytokine storm	8
to be effective	8
collected from the	8
fig and s	8
around the world	8
subtypes of iav	8
virus in vitro	8
resulted in the	8
for quantification of	8
c bl mice	8
id at week	8
from apparently healthy	8
of p ipk	8
on day p	8
to infection by	8
through the activation	8
the iav m	8
pathogenic potential of	8
control and prevention	8
production of type	8
including h n	8
tested positive for	8
have to be	8
genome replication and	8
can interact with	8
site of infection	8
between iav infection	8
used to determine	8
specific cytotoxic t	8
polymerase chain reaction	8
of t cell	8
iav and sars	8
two of the	8
of pulmonary surfactant	8
rift valley fever	8
infection of pigs	8
of e f	8
the human genome	8
with pandemic influenza	8
dynamics of influenza	8
to be involved	8
relative to the	8
treated with or	8
more likely to	8
lectin interactions in	8
phosphorylation of the	8
treated with curcumin	8
and one h	8
induced by influenza	8
viral polymerase complex	8
the infectious diseases	8
the size of	8
levels of tnf	8
of cells with	8
the spatial organization	8
nuclear np signal	8
mice were anesthetized	8
expression of a	8
the relevance of	8
leading to an	8
of these genes	8
they have no	8
epithelial cells are	8
be responsible for	8
and t cell	8
virus life cycle	8
the human lung	8
as an alternative	8
asbeck et al	8
host cell surface	8
heterologous aut com	8
h n np	8
vs pathway node	8
a lack of	8
progeny virus production	8
the evolution of	8
by a single	8
explained by the	8
the administration of	8
our results indicate	8
from a pig	8
of exogenous ketones	8
the observation that	8
review of the	8
a viruses from	8
the first evidence	8
to explore the	8
chu et al	8
influenza virus genome	8
that do not	8
of influenza and	8
coronavirus envelope protein	8
of the proinflammatory	8
of the manuscript	8
mediated apoptosis induction	8
cell pr virus	8
the growth of	8
cytokine storm in	8
a human lung	8
in the supernatants	8
the creative commons	8
that cd t	8
be required to	8
antigenic sites of	8
lung injury in	8
may have a	8
by western blot	8
viral replication in	8
and transmission of	8
to be able	8
inhibit replication of	8
this article is	8
protein d in	8
of conventional iav	8
immune system lectins	8
were pretreated with	8
of ifitm proteins	8
the sars consensome	8
to the influenza	8
march to may	8
used to assess	8
highly pathogenic strains	8
and il b	8
better understanding of	8
host immune system	8
an increased ifitm	8
by type i	8
protein of the	8
have been developed	8
in bronchoalveolar lavage	8
inhibitory effect on	8
data demonstrate that	8
a large number	8
is the main	8
production of ifn	8
by neutrophils and	8
was the most	8
of the lungs	8
were normalized to	8
of apoptosis and	8
is required to	8
is not clear	8
positive for the	8
mitochondrial membrane potential	8
the fraction of	8
were maintained in	8
of infection with	8
protective effects of	8
of the cells	8
in type i	8
suggests that the	8
human to swine	8
to be determined	8
defective interfering particles	8
pandemic potential of	8
identified in swine	8
pigs from the	8
world health organization	8
lethal h n	8
and ecology of	8
and is able	8
to the ha	8
rna was extracted	8
in wild boars	8
n or h	8
formation of fusion	8
pdm and poly	8
structural basis for	8
cytokine production in	8
defective interfering influenza	8
interaction between iav	8
of ifitm to	8
swine samples collected	8
to influenza infection	8
in iav replication	8
in mice by	8
cells to the	8
antigenic drift and	8
to the presence	8
of the na	8
and severity of	8
virus and the	8
and by the	8
live cell imaging	8
reverse genetics approaches	8
human alveolar epithelial	8
were approved by	8
of viral and	8
we determined the	8
receptor specificity of	8
to the induction	8
virus assembly and	8
in the er	8
these data suggest	8
the sections were	8
h n outbreak	8
respiratory tract and	8
cells were lysed	8
is capable of	8
to be more	8
due to an	8
of viruses that	8
iavs have been	8
in the plasma	8
strains in swine	8
the ha sequences	8
with the virus	8
member of the	8
the ifitm expression	8
bat influenza a	8
valley fever virus	8
the periphery of	8
such as il	8
host defense against	8
used to identify	8
factors involved in	8
flux through the	8
aspects of the	8
on viral replication	8
swine farms in	8
our data suggest	8
in the usa	8
a recent report	8
wiv treatment groups	8
for the evaluation	8
figure s a	8
the membrane fusion	8
declare that they	8
to improve the	8
based on their	8
b virus infection	8
influenza virus nucleoprotein	8
to interfere with	8
effects of pa	8
iav replication by	8
the samples were	8
t cells from	8
pdm virus isolates	8
the swine samples	8
that overexpression of	8
in the past	8
normal control group	8
infection and spread	8
of the ifitm	8
hela cells were	8
for apoptosis induction	8
the cell membrane	8
lead to an	8
viruses were reported	8
were harvested and	8
a previous report	8
signaling pathways project	8
at day post	7
by inhibition of	7
the influenza season	7
of np and	7