This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.
bigram | frequency |
---|---|
viral rna | 6524 |
rna viruses | 4554 |
respiratory syndrome | 4041 |
infected cells | 3784 |
gene expression | 3602 |
rna polymerase | 3135 |
acute respiratory | 3102 |
nucleic acid | 2891 |
virus infection | 2828 |
virus replication | 2757 |
viral replication | 2714 |
severe acute | 2644 |
amino acid | 2641 |
influenza virus | 2507 |
rna synthesis | 2467 |
immune response | 2402 |
type i | 2348 |
syndrome coronavirus | 2107 |
innate immune | 2032 |
rna replication | 1995 |
stranded rna | 1993 |
rna virus | 1914 |
dependent rna | 1711 |
strand rna | 1684 |
genomic rna | 1654 |
cell culture | 1646 |
cell lines | 1646 |
host cell | 1612 |
viral genome | 1604 |
immune responses | 1581 |
viral infection | 1571 |
amino acids | 1478 |
nucleic acids | 1462 |
novel coronavirus | 1444 |
viral proteins | 1443 |
doc id | 1349 |
cord uid | 1349 |
virus rna | 1319 |
antiviral activity | 1319 |
reverse transcription | 1282 |
secondary structure | 1256 |
hepatitis virus | 1244 |
rna interference | 1237 |
cell line | 1222 |
viral load | 1176 |
structural proteins | 1167 |
dengue virus | 1150 |
virus type | 1147 |
immune system | 1135 |
nucleocapsid protein | 1118 |
viral infections | 1110 |
epithelial cells | 1105 |
immunodeficiency virus | 1100 |
ebola virus | 1095 |
disease virus | 1086 |
mosaic virus | 1074 |
binding protein | 1067 |
respiratory tract | 1054 |
mouse hepatitis | 1035 |
sars coronavirus | 1028 |
blood donors | 1019 |
human immunodeficiency | 1004 |
clinical trials | 1002 |
protein synthesis | 994 |
performed using | 979 |
time pcr | 971 |
cell death | 926 |
mammalian cells | 924 |
host cells | 910 |
protein expression | 907 |
total rna | 905 |
open reading | 902 |
reverse transcriptase | 899 |
active site | 894 |
rna binding | 878 |
crystal structure | 878 |
endoplasmic reticulum | 876 |
innate immunity | 876 |
reading frame | 875 |
respiratory syncytial | 874 |
stem cells | 863 |
previously described | 851 |
middle east | 849 |
west nile | 845 |
may also | 838 |
zika virus | 837 |
syncytial virus | 836 |
infectious diseases | 830 |
viral protein | 828 |
rna genome | 827 |
rna extraction | 815 |
important role | 809 |
herpes simplex | 808 |
influenza viruses | 807 |
highly conserved | 807 |
life cycle | 807 |
binding site | 806 |
dendritic cells | 804 |
syndrome virus | 797 |
fever virus | 794 |
i ifn | 790 |
cell cycle | 778 |
spike protein | 775 |
east respiratory | 773 |
vaccinia virus | 772 |
room temperature | 764 |
plasma membrane | 764 |
present study | 759 |
protein kinase | 758 |
chain reaction | 753 |
blood transfusion | 752 |
vero cells | 750 |
public health | 749 |
nile virus | 745 |
mg ml | 745 |
ribosomal frameshifting | 744 |
simplex virus | 743 |
extracellular vesicles | 742 |
coronavirus disease | 734 |
cells infected | 728 |
translation initiation | 725 |
polymerase chain | 725 |
cancer cells | 722 |
dna viruses | 718 |
infectious bronchitis | 717 |
cell types | 713 |
electron microscopy | 712 |
i interferon | 711 |
viral genomes | 710 |
nonstructural protein | 708 |
whole blood | 706 |
capsid protein | 703 |
expression levels | 697 |
hcv rna | 695 |
rna molecules | 692 |
cell surface | 689 |
like receptor | 687 |
dna polymerase | 686 |
escherichia coli | 686 |
porcine reproductive | 686 |
host factors | 685 |
western blot | 681 |
rna recombination | 681 |
binding domain | 676 |
mg kg | 671 |
differentially expressed | 671 |
wild type | 670 |
encephalitis virus | 665 |
flow cytometry | 665 |
human coronavirus | 661 |
closely related | 658 |
control group | 656 |
time rt | 655 |
significantly higher | 654 |
chronic hepatitis | 649 |
growth factor | 645 |
bronchitis virus | 643 |
nucleotide sequence | 643 |
virus particles | 643 |
virus genome | 637 |
binding proteins | 632 |
results suggest | 631 |
monoclonal antibodies | 611 |
clinical samples | 610 |
sense rna | 608 |
genome replication | 604 |
core protein | 603 |
previous studies | 601 |
infectious virus | 600 |
prostate cancer | 596 |
breast cancer | 595 |
interfering rna | 593 |
terminal domain | 592 |
united states | 591 |
monoclonal antibody | 591 |
rna helicase | 589 |
small interfering | 587 |
secondary structures | 580 |
viral particles | 578 |
viral rnas | 577 |
binding sites | 577 |
peripheral blood | 573 |
present document | 571 |
replication complex | 570 |
summary conclusion | 570 |
sequence analysis | 569 |
bone marrow | 564 |
described previously | 558 |
molecular weight | 557 |
vesicular stomatitis | 552 |
avian influenza | 551 |
virus infections | 549 |
mouse model | 549 |
protein interactions | 549 |
gene silencing | 549 |
determine whether | 548 |
stem cell | 541 |
dependent manner | 540 |
signaling pathway | 540 |
time points | 539 |
two different | 538 |
pcr assay | 537 |
mouth disease | 536 |
molecular biology | 535 |
nonstructural proteins | 535 |
transcription factor | 533 |
structural protein | 533 |
acid sequence | 532 |
reading frames | 527 |
red blood | 521 |
stomatitis virus | 521 |
infected patients | 517 |
large number | 514 |
oxidative stress | 512 |
small rnas | 511 |
antiviral response | 507 |
gel electrophoresis | 507 |
nervous system | 506 |
cell proliferation | 506 |
human cells | 506 |
neutralizing antibodies | 504 |
granted medrxiv | 502 |
author funder | 502 |
statistically significant | 502 |
ng ml | 501 |
negative control | 498 |
endothelial cells | 496 |
significant difference | 495 |
class i | 493 |
murine coronavirus | 492 |
molecular mechanisms | 491 |
sindbis virus | 491 |
reverse genetics | 491 |
antiviral drugs | 490 |
summary conclusions | 490 |
rna structure | 490 |
copyright holder | 489 |
hemorrhagic fever | 488 |
blood donation | 487 |
additional file | 484 |
blood samples | 484 |
clinical trial | 483 |
wide range | 480 |
high levels | 480 |
generation sequencing | 479 |
blood components | 477 |
stranded dna | 477 |
recent studies | 476 |
mm tris | 476 |
untranslated region | 476 |
results indicate | 476 |
data suggest | 471 |
genome sequence | 471 |
phylogenetic analysis | 470 |
tissue culture | 466 |
coronavirus infection | 465 |
transcription factors | 465 |
rna sequencing | 464 |
animal models | 462 |
copies ml | 460 |
side effects | 459 |
rna secondary | 459 |
hcv infection | 459 |
blood cells | 456 |
small rna | 455 |
feline infectious | 455 |
like protease | 452 |
di rna | 451 |
virus ns | 451 |
infectious peritonitis | 450 |
rna species | 449 |
mrna expression | 448 |
hela cells | 448 |
mass spectrometry | 446 |
like receptors | 445 |
like particles | 444 |
antiviral effect | 444 |
real time | 443 |
cleavage site | 442 |
taken together | 442 |
respiratory viruses | 438 |
signaling pathways | 438 |
defective interfering | 437 |
version posted | 434 |
base pairs | 433 |
first time | 432 |
risk factors | 428 |
target cells | 428 |
coding region | 428 |
plant viruses | 427 |
pcr products | 426 |
viral dna | 426 |
human genome | 425 |
rna polymerases | 424 |
blot analysis | 424 |
type ii | 424 |
results showed | 424 |
isothermal amplification | 424 |
membrane protein | 424 |
widely used | 423 |
interfering rnas | 422 |
diarrhea virus | 421 |
mm nacl | 421 |
immune cells | 421 |
cell responses | 420 |
cell cultures | 420 |
ns protein | 419 |
structural basis | 419 |
transfected cells | 418 |
coronavirus replication | 417 |
even though | 417 |
also observed | 416 |
rna sequences | 416 |
food safety | 415 |
blood products | 415 |
blood group | 414 |
subgenomic rna | 413 |
coronavirus rna | 411 |
significant differences | 410 |
host proteins | 407 |
also known | 406 |
central nervous | 405 |
inhibitory effect | 403 |
initiation factor | 401 |
hbv dna | 401 |
stop codon | 401 |
copy number | 400 |
inflammatory response | 400 |
previously reported | 398 |
inflammatory cytokines | 396 |
japanese encephalitis | 394 |
gene therapy | 394 |
viral entry | 393 |
safety authority | 391 |
hcv replication | 390 |
european food | 390 |
severe covid | 389 |
days post | 386 |
two groups | 384 |
free energy | 383 |
coat protein | 383 |
also found | 382 |
recent study | 380 |
replication cycle | 380 |
viral gene | 378 |
infectious disease | 378 |
quality control | 378 |
host immune | 377 |
viral mrna | 377 |
leader sequence | 375 |
rna genomes | 374 |
red cell | 374 |
stress granules | 373 |
genetic diversity | 373 |
well plates | 373 |
bovine serum | 372 |
heat shock | 370 |
small molecule | 369 |
agarose gel | 369 |
cellular proteins | 369 |
drug resistance | 367 |
replication complexes | 367 |
mutation rate | 366 |
adaptive immune | 366 |
highly pathogenic | 366 |
human rhinovirus | 365 |
virus entry | 364 |
genomic dna | 364 |
cdna clone | 364 |
converting enzyme | 363 |
three times | 362 |
world health | 359 |
rna detection | 358 |
supplementary table | 358 |
cell membrane | 357 |
mrna levels | 357 |
upper respiratory | 357 |
acid sequences | 357 |
signal transduction | 356 |
pcr amplification | 356 |
results show | 356 |
molecular dynamics | 356 |
antiviral agents | 355 |
pregnant women | 355 |
fusion protein | 354 |
cov nsp | 353 |
viral loads | 351 |
conformational changes | 350 |
cell type | 350 |
hepatocellular carcinoma | 350 |
vitro transcription | 350 |
health organization | 349 |
receptor binding | 348 |
infected cell | 348 |
cdna clones | 348 |
acid residues | 348 |
cancer cell | 347 |
messenger rna | 346 |
chikungunya virus | 346 |
peer review | 345 |
viral genomic | 343 |
viral mrnas | 341 |
made available | 340 |
plasmid dna | 339 |
virus production | 338 |
positive control | 337 |
hong kong | 337 |
measles virus | 336 |
antiviral drug | 335 |
western blotting | 335 |
transmissible gastroenteritis | 335 |
may play | 334 |
cells expressing | 334 |
mrna decay | 334 |
applied biosystems | 333 |
thermo fisher | 333 |
specific antibodies | 333 |
porcine epidemic | 332 |
sequence alignment | 332 |
membrane fusion | 331 |
coding rnas | 331 |
mutation rates | 330 |
host range | 329 |
envelope protein | 329 |
dna replication | 329 |
membrane vesicles | 329 |
rna levels | 328 |
rna structures | 327 |
small molecules | 327 |
viral sequences | 325 |
pandemic influenza | 324 |
analysis revealed | 324 |
codon usage | 324 |
lung cancer | 324 |
positive samples | 323 |
semliki forest | 323 |
antiviral responses | 322 |
rna silencing | 322 |
serum samples | 322 |
protease inhibitors | 322 |
significantly reduced | 321 |
complete genome | 321 |
recent years | 320 |
cell entry | 320 |
cultured cells | 320 |
target genes | 319 |
protein levels | 319 |
determined using | 318 |
cells transfected | 318 |
respiratory disease | 317 |
spectrum antiviral | 317 |
antiviral therapy | 317 |
viral nucleic | 316 |
drug discovery | 316 |
statistical analysis | 316 |
recombination events | 316 |
forest virus | 316 |
subgenomic mrna | 316 |
cellular rna | 315 |
cell activation | 315 |
commercially available | 315 |
lower respiratory | 315 |
cov infection | 315 |
di rnas | 314 |
nucleotide sequences | 314 |
least one | 314 |
drug delivery | 314 |
international license | 313 |
genome sequences | 312 |
terminal region | 312 |
clinical signs | 312 |
different types | 310 |
critical role | 310 |
proteins involved | 310 |
significantly lower | 309 |
barr virus | 308 |
host protein | 308 |
class ii | 307 |
enveloped viruses | 307 |
rna sequence | 306 |
sequence data | 306 |
key role | 305 |
treated cells | 304 |
ribosomal rna | 304 |
binding affinity | 304 |
antiviral effects | 304 |
capsid proteins | 304 |
may contribute | 303 |
virus evolution | 303 |
helicase activity | 302 |
time point | 302 |
cell lysates | 301 |
viral shedding | 301 |
noncoding rna | 300 |
leader rna | 300 |
immune evasion | 300 |
deep sequencing | 299 |
virus strain | 299 |
matrix protein | 299 |
newcastle disease | 299 |
pcr assays | 298 |
may provide | 298 |
commonly used | 298 |
viral life | 297 |
authors declare | 297 |
tumor cells | 296 |
single nucleotide | 296 |
human respiratory | 295 |
seq data | 294 |
mrna translation | 294 |
blood cell | 294 |
body weight | 294 |
epidemic diarrhea | 292 |
leukemia virus | 292 |
respiratory distress | 291 |
another study | 291 |
differential expression | 290 |
persistent infection | 290 |
first step | 289 |
data indicate | 289 |
several studies | 288 |
rabies virus | 288 |
human cytomegalovirus | 287 |
stress granule | 287 |
rna transcription | 287 |
protein interaction | 286 |
results obtained | 286 |
infected mice | 286 |
specific primers | 285 |
base pair | 285 |
rna template | 284 |
atpase activity | 283 |
human coronaviruses | 283 |
dna damage | 282 |
expression level | 282 |
high affinity | 282 |
low levels | 282 |
mononuclear cells | 281 |
adverse events | 281 |
total number | 281 |
phase i | 281 |
viral pathogens | 280 |
mm edta | 280 |
hcv ns | 280 |
noncoding rnas | 280 |
genetic material | 279 |
directed mutagenesis | 279 |
vaccine development | 279 |
antiviral immunity | 279 |
gene products | 279 |
yellow fever | 279 |
reporter gene | 278 |
strand synthesis | 278 |
polymerase activity | 278 |
interferon response | 278 |
mediated isothermal | 278 |
swine fever | 277 |
consensus sequence | 276 |
point mutations | 276 |
respiratory infections | 276 |
coding sequence | 276 |
sequencing data | 276 |
lysis buffer | 276 |
viral envelope | 276 |
lung injury | 276 |
disease control | 275 |
three different | 275 |
cells treated | 274 |
protease inhibitor | 274 |
tobacco mosaic | 273 |
coronavirus nucleocapsid | 273 |
necrosis factor | 273 |
membrane proteins | 273 |
genes involved | 273 |
virus assembly | 272 |
subgenomic mrnas | 272 |
whole genome | 272 |
rna helicases | 271 |
data analysis | 271 |
systematic review | 271 |
genome sequencing | 271 |
significantly increased | 271 |
ifn production | 271 |
clinical specimens | 270 |
nsp protein | 270 |
plant virus | 270 |
regulatory factor | 270 |
target rna | 269 |
lymph nodes | 269 |
cd cd | 269 |
medrxiv preprint | 269 |
high level | 269 |
coronavirus nsp | 268 |
ifn response | 268 |
rna degradation | 268 |
ex vivo | 268 |
transfusion medicine | 267 |
cells using | 266 |
ribosome entry | 266 |
cov rna | 266 |
entry site | 266 |
expressed genes | 266 |
analyzed using | 265 |
naturally occurring | 264 |
virus genomes | 263 |
disease severity | 263 |
accession number | 263 |
virus detection | 263 |
accessory proteins | 262 |
crystal structures | 262 |
fisher scientific | 261 |
rna transcripts | 260 |
sequence identity | 260 |
patients infected | 260 |
start site | 260 |
internal ribosome | 260 |
spike glycoprotein | 260 |
loop structure | 259 |
cleavage sites | 259 |
takes place | 259 |
fold change | 259 |
sequence similarity | 259 |
kda protein | 259 |
base pairing | 259 |
cap structure | 258 |
may lead | 258 |
life technologies | 258 |
viral titers | 258 |
poliovirus rna | 257 |
standard deviation | 255 |
specific rna | 255 |
viral diseases | 255 |
common cold | 254 |
ct values | 253 |
coronavirus spike | 253 |
many viruses | 253 |
also showed | 253 |
rna samples | 253 |
liver disease | 252 |
blood donor | 252 |
hbv infection | 251 |
previous study | 251 |
rna pseudoknot | 251 |
long noncoding | 251 |
seasonal influenza | 251 |
pg ml | 251 |
marburg virus | 250 |
supplementary material | 250 |
serine protease | 250 |
viral polymerase | 250 |
essential role | 249 |
nuclear localization | 249 |
feline coronavirus | 249 |
post infection | 248 |
also used | 248 |
master mix | 248 |
rapid detection | 248 |
mhc class | 247 |
cdna synthesis | 247 |
clinical symptoms | 247 |
quantitative pcr | 247 |
rna extracted | 246 |
protein structure | 245 |
tumor necrosis | 245 |
iu ml | 244 |
innate antiviral | 244 |
rna interactions | 244 |
similar results | 243 |
mrna synthesis | 243 |
pp ab | 243 |
positive results | 242 |
murine hepatitis | 242 |
red cells | 242 |
analysis using | 241 |
distress syndrome | 241 |
virus isolation | 241 |
culture medium | 240 |
coding regions | 240 |
potential therapeutic | 240 |
complex formation | 240 |
protein complexes | 239 |
positively charged | 238 |
equine encephalitis | 238 |
hydrogen bonds | 238 |
fold increase | 238 |
new insights | 237 |
host species | 237 |
cancer patients | 237 |
viral genes | 237 |
significantly different | 237 |
next generation | 237 |
positive cells | 236 |
samples collected | 236 |
analysis showed | 236 |
dna binding | 235 |
interferon regulatory | 235 |
coding sequences | 235 |
rna copies | 235 |
two distinct | 235 |
polymerase ii | 234 |
early stage | 234 |
clinical features | 234 |
virus strains | 234 |
fatty acid | 233 |
crispr cas | 233 |
cell viability | 233 |
crucial role | 232 |
cellular processes | 232 |
quantitative real | 232 |
blood bank | 232 |
clinical characteristics | 232 |
family members | 231 |
hospitalized patients | 231 |
sample preparation | 231 |
adverse effects | 230 |
coronavirus genome | 230 |
poorly understood | 230 |
borna disease | 230 |
high sensitivity | 229 |
mrna transcription | 229 |
situ hybridization | 229 |
platelet concentrates | 229 |
rna molecule | 229 |
gastroenteritis virus | 229 |
like viruses | 228 |
mesenchymal stem | 228 |
infectious cdna | 228 |
independent experiments | 228 |
nuclear export | 228 |
also shown | 228 |
start codon | 227 |
target gene | 227 |
binding activity | 227 |
sendai virus | 226 |
neutralizing antibody | 226 |
plaque assay | 226 |
cell growth | 226 |
final concentration | 226 |
clinical studies | 226 |
cytokine production | 226 |
tested positive | 226 |
rights reserved | 225 |
tract infections | 224 |
generated using | 224 |
better understanding | 224 |
significant increase | 224 |
persistently infected | 224 |
cell receptor | 224 |
severe disease | 224 |
rna chaperone | 223 |
current study | 223 |
structure prediction | 223 |
full length | 223 |
significant reduction | 222 |
saccharomyces cerevisiae | 222 |
host response | 222 |
mini kit | 222 |
animal model | 222 |
secretory pathway | 221 |
proteolytic processing | 221 |
expression vector | 221 |
reference genome | 220 |
northern blot | 220 |
genbank accession | 220 |
statistical significance | 220 |
infected individuals | 219 |
enzymatic activity | 219 |
sialic acid | 219 |
convalescent plasma | 219 |
cellular mrnas | 218 |
newly synthesized | 218 |
smooth muscle | 217 |
least two | 217 |
bovine coronavirus | 217 |
nitric oxide | 217 |
measured using | 217 |
hcv core | 217 |
virus nonstructural | 217 |
host innate | 216 |
years old | 216 |
mm mgcl | 216 |
sybr green | 216 |
library preparation | 216 |
type iii | 215 |
associated protein | 215 |
pcr using | 215 |
antibody responses | 214 |
study showed | 214 |
fluorescent protein | 214 |
antibody response | 214 |
subgenomic rnas | 214 |
protein binding | 214 |
high throughput | 214 |
virus disease | 214 |
brome mosaic | 214 |
pcr product | 214 |
pattern recognition | 213 |
antiviral signaling | 213 |
delivery system | 213 |
tissue samples | 213 |
rna processing | 213 |
conformational change | 212 |
hiv infection | 212 |
rna isolation | 212 |
also detected | 211 |
shock protein | 211 |
multiple sequence | 211 |
protein nsp | 211 |
broad spectrum | 210 |
confocal microscopy | 210 |
comparative analysis | 210 |
nk cells | 210 |
disease progression | 210 |
bovine viral | 210 |
human disease | 210 |
highly sensitive | 209 |
functional analysis | 209 |
fetal bovine | 209 |
dna vaccine | 209 |
rna viral | 209 |
viruses may | 208 |
sg rna | 208 |
molecular basis | 208 |
subcellular localization | 208 |
binding pocket | 208 |
well plate | 208 |
genome size | 207 |
blood pressure | 207 |
purified using | 207 |
avian infectious | 207 |
cohort study | 207 |
negative strand | 207 |
causative agent | 207 |
copies per | 206 |
viral capsid | 206 |
biological processes | 206 |
internal control | 206 |
new coronavirus | 206 |
zinc finger | 205 |
proinflammatory cytokines | 205 |
protein complex | 205 |
main protease | 205 |
diagnostic tests | 204 |
results demonstrate | 204 |
specific cd | 204 |
expression analysis | 204 |
expression profiles | 204 |
cytokine storm | 204 |
recent advances | 203 |
cellular protein | 203 |
type virus | 203 |
living cells | 203 |
findings suggest | 203 |
future studies | 203 |
calculated using | 203 |
cytopathic effect | 202 |
early stages | 202 |
antiviral innate | 202 |
conserved among | 202 |
tertiary structure | 202 |
cell rna | 202 |
fold higher | 202 |
adaptive immunity | 201 |
poly i | 201 |
drug development | 201 |
nlrp inflammasome | 201 |
er stress | 201 |
may represent | 201 |
remains unclear | 200 |
lymph node | 200 |
van der | 200 |
significantly decreased | 200 |
antiviral defense | 200 |
different cell | 200 |
coding genes | 200 |
studies using | 199 |
activated protein | 199 |
bat species | 199 |
potential role | 199 |
three independent | 199 |
data set | 199 |
alternative splicing | 198 |
slippery sequence | 198 |
virus titers | 198 |
results indicated | 198 |
studies showed | 198 |
incubation period | 198 |
recognition receptors | 198 |
cellular uptake | 197 |
venezuelan equine | 197 |
molecular mechanism | 197 |
host interactions | 197 |
therapeutic agents | 197 |
health care | 197 |
host rna | 197 |
blood mononuclear | 197 |
associated coronavirus | 196 |
sanger sequencing | 196 |
virus transmission | 196 |
lipid bilayer | 196 |
protein sequence | 196 |
uninfected cells | 196 |
protein translation | 196 |
inflammatory responses | 195 |
issues addressed | 195 |
two independent | 195 |
mm hepes | 195 |
dna synthesis | 195 |
sg formation | 195 |
coronavirus infectious | 194 |
human sars | 194 |
parainfluenza virus | 194 |
nuclear factor | 194 |
much higher | 194 |
conclusions reached | 194 |
authority reserves | 194 |
transgenic mice | 194 |
antisense oligonucleotides | 194 |
lamp assay | 193 |
transparency principle | 193 |
awarded following | 193 |
published complying | 193 |
also identified | 193 |
extracellular matrix | 193 |
transmission electron | 193 |
gene product | 193 |
output adopted | 193 |
tender procedure | 193 |
per cell | 192 |
mediated antiviral | 192 |
vitro transcribed | 192 |
gene regulation | 192 |
delivery systems | 192 |
stimulated genes | 192 |
human diseases | 191 |
high frequency | 191 |
associated virus | 191 |
dna sequences | 191 |
sirna delivery | 191 |
primer extension | 191 |
ifn signaling | 191 |
borne encephalitis | 191 |
well known | 191 |
may serve | 191 |
cells via | 190 |
long non | 190 |
standard curve | 190 |
small number | 190 |
swab samples | 190 |
copy numbers | 190 |
coding rna | 190 |
reactive oxygen | 190 |
viral pathogenesis | 190 |
spinal cord | 190 |
encephalomyocarditis virus | 190 |
unfolded protein | 190 |
inhibitory activity | 190 |
acid amplification | 189 |
stress response | 189 |
oxygen species | 189 |
transfusion reactions | 189 |
genome segments | 189 |
lopinavir ritonavir | 189 |
weight loss | 188 |
based assays | 188 |
host gene | 188 |
protein gene | 188 |
protein folding | 188 |
quantitative rt | 188 |
polyacrylamide gel | 188 |
high degree | 188 |
multiple sclerosis | 187 |
may cause | 187 |
critically ill | 187 |
rna editing | 187 |
two types | 187 |
epithelial cell | 187 |
congo hemorrhagic | 187 |
ifn induction | 186 |
mutational analysis | 186 |
may occur | 186 |
major role | 186 |
protein sequences | 186 |
aug codon | 186 |
penaeus monodon | 186 |
see table | 186 |
homologous recombination | 186 |
important roles | 186 |
mortality rate | 186 |
intensive care | 186 |
i ifns | 186 |
free water | 186 |
related viruses | 185 |
dna sequence | 185 |
increased risk | 185 |
detection limit | 185 |
dna virus | 185 |
plasma samples | 185 |
step rt | 185 |
without prejudice | 185 |
chaperone activity | 185 |
bodies identified | 185 |
inhibitory effects | 184 |
emerging infectious | 184 |
many different | 184 |
target sequence | 184 |
induced apoptosis | 184 |
gene encoding | 184 |
highly specific | 184 |
ubiquitin ligase | 184 |
cl pro | 184 |
mouse models | 184 |
host defense | 184 |
broad range | 183 |
data show | 183 |
group i | 183 |
rna elements | 183 |
vitro translation | 183 |
host factor | 183 |
time reverse | 183 |
combination therapy | 183 |
immune signaling | 183 |
dna rna | 183 |
previously published | 183 |
human influenza | 182 |
positive selection | 182 |
gene transfer | 182 |
two major | 182 |
virion assembly | 182 |
detected using | 182 |
lethal mutagenesis | 182 |
high mutation | 182 |
wide variety | 181 |
orf ab | 181 |
protein response | 181 |
length cdna | 181 |
viral vectors | 181 |
host mrna | 181 |
medical center | 181 |
increased expression | 181 |
cell adhesion | 181 |
classical swine | 181 |
healthy controls | 181 |
genome organization | 180 |
target dna | 180 |
live attenuated | 180 |
biological activity | 180 |
fluorescence microscopy | 180 |
mice infected | 179 |
cov replication | 179 |
national institute | 179 |
close proximity | 179 |
experimental data | 179 |
expression patterns | 179 |
helicase domain | 179 |
throughput sequencing | 179 |
blood banks | 178 |
coronavirus nonstructural | 178 |
previously shown | 178 |
positive sense | 178 |
higher levels | 178 |
untranslated regions | 178 |
cell fusion | 178 |
genetic variation | 178 |
positive strand | 177 |
genomic rnas | 177 |
viral antigen | 177 |
cd cells | 177 |
cell membranes | 177 |
negative results | 177 |
packaging signal | 177 |
ge healthcare | 177 |
viral translation | 177 |
negatively charged | 177 |
years ago | 176 |
infected animals | 176 |
evidence suggests | 176 |
protective immunity | 176 |
viral diarrhea | 176 |
rift valley | 176 |
like structures | 176 |
reaction mixture | 176 |
phase ii | 176 |
retinoic acid | 176 |
drug repurposing | 176 |
sars virus | 176 |
blood collection | 176 |
new england | 176 |
nuclear import | 176 |
also reported | 175 |
replicase proteins | 175 |
blood units | 175 |
human papillomavirus | 175 |
highly expressed | 175 |
hours post | 175 |
viral replicase | 174 |
inducible gene | 174 |
mean age | 174 |
lassa virus | 174 |
autoimmune diseases | 174 |
kcal mol | 174 |
virion rna | 174 |
dna repair | 174 |
control cells | 173 |
rna recognition | 173 |
rna decay | 173 |
valley fever | 173 |
different viruses | 172 |
using different | 172 |
san diego | 172 |
confirmed cases | 172 |
viral particle | 172 |
patients treated | 172 |
genes encoding | 172 |
virus core | 172 |
acid extraction | 172 |
envelope proteins | 172 |
infectious clone | 172 |
growth factors | 171 |
symptom onset | 171 |
drug design | 171 |
using rna | 171 |
dna sequencing | 171 |
vascular endothelial | 171 |
dsrna viruses | 171 |
may result | 171 |
low level | 171 |
eukaryotic cells | 171 |
transcription initiation | 170 |
negative controls | 170 |
genetic information | 170 |
cellular membranes | 170 |
nasopharyngeal swabs | 170 |
mrna vaccines | 170 |
antiviral activities | 170 |
proteolytic cleavage | 170 |
structural analysis | 170 |
molecular characterization | 170 |
virus particle | 169 |
culture supernatants | 169 |
currently available | 169 |
pfu ml | 169 |
high risk | 169 |
sample collection | 169 |
virus polymerase | 169 |
gene delivery | 169 |
obtained using | 169 |
proteins may | 169 |
unpublished data | 169 |
rna using | 169 |
tyrosine kinase | 169 |
single cell | 169 |
transmembrane domain | 169 |
pdb id | 169 |
lentiviral vector | 168 |
university hospital | 168 |
kindly provided | 168 |
short interfering | 168 |
genomic sequence | 168 |
mrna cap | 168 |
likely due | 168 |
influenza infection | 168 |
data sets | 168 |
golgi complex | 168 |
primary human | 168 |
international committee | 168 |
fusion proteins | 168 |
single molecule | 168 |
model system | 168 |
relatively low | 168 |
bat cov | 167 |
eif gi | 167 |
mrna degradation | 167 |
clinical practice | 167 |
platelet count | 167 |
coronavirus infections | 167 |
structural features | 167 |
dna fragments | 167 |
reverse transcribed | 167 |
assay using | 167 |
creative commons | 167 |
animal viruses | 167 |
natural killer | 166 |
human genes | 166 |
sars cov | 166 |
therapeutic potential | 166 |
mediated mrna | 166 |
two proteins | 166 |
rna accumulation | 166 |
rna folding | 166 |
double stranded | 166 |
tumor suppressor | 166 |
norwalk virus | 166 |
specific binding | 165 |
dendritic cell | 165 |
adaptor protein | 165 |
structural studies | 165 |
sg mrna | 165 |
also demonstrated | 165 |
last years | 165 |
risk factor | 165 |
immune cell | 164 |
specific antibody | 164 |
novel human | 164 |
based assay | 164 |
better understand | 164 |
replication fidelity | 164 |
rna fragments | 164 |
replicase gene | 164 |
genomic sequences | 164 |
target cell | 164 |
tumor growth | 164 |
target mrna | 164 |
saudi arabia | 163 |
protein vp | 163 |
catalytic activity | 163 |
primer sets | 163 |
protease activity | 163 |
will also | 163 |
cerebrospinal fluid | 163 |
magnetic beads | 162 |
mdck cells | 162 |
plasmacytoid dendritic | 162 |
mm dtt | 162 |
antiviral compounds | 162 |
protein coding | 162 |
mutant virus | 162 |
linked immunosorbent | 162 |
human lung | 162 |
gene ontology | 162 |
immunosorbent assay | 161 |
contains two | 161 |
dnase i | 161 |
expression vectors | 161 |
dna aptamers | 161 |
exclusion chromatography | 161 |
like virus | 161 |
deficient mice | 161 |
pcr analysis | 161 |
initiation factors | 161 |
virus capsid | 160 |
eukaryotic translation | 160 |
respiratory virus | 160 |
rna templates | 160 |
culture media | 160 |
buffered saline | 160 |
mrna splicing | 160 |
emerging viruses | 160 |
i interferons | 160 |
phylogenetic tree | 160 |
will provide | 160 |
eukaryotic initiation | 160 |
plant mirnas | 160 |
experimentally infected | 160 |
might also | 160 |
per year | 160 |
side chains | 159 |
rubella virus | 159 |
studies suggest | 159 |
limited number | 159 |
virus isolates | 159 |
ill patients | 159 |
protein binds | 158 |
acute lung | 158 |
coronavirus associated | 158 |
may affect | 158 |
enzyme activity | 158 |
goat anti | 158 |
one study | 158 |
discontinuous transcription | 158 |
derived evs | 158 |
ribosomal frameshift | 158 |
infectious agents | 158 |
fecal samples | 158 |
rna expression | 158 |
data obtained | 158 |
tissue tropism | 158 |
virus families | 158 |
take place | 157 |
serial dilutions | 157 |
negative sense | 157 |
virus proteins | 157 |
replicase complex | 157 |
severe cases | 157 |
frameshifting efficiency | 157 |
interferon production | 157 |
translational control | 157 |
allowed us | 157 |
derived exosomes | 157 |
long term | 157 |
polymerase gene | 157 |
nsp nsp | 156 |
influenza vaccine | 156 |
viral persistence | 156 |
containing mm | 155 |
recombinant viruses | 155 |
short hairpin | 155 |
mrna species | 154 |
single stranded | 154 |
recombinant protein | 154 |
vp protein | 154 |
serum albumin | 154 |
therapeutic targets | 154 |
luciferase reporter | 154 |
national institutes | 154 |
antiviral properties | 154 |
located within | 154 |
topoisomerase i | 154 |
least three | 154 |
biological functions | 154 |
common ancestor | 154 |
blood donations | 153 |
alveolar macrophages | 153 |
firefly luciferase | 153 |
template rna | 153 |
nasopharyngeal swab | 153 |
informed consent | 153 |
study group | 153 |
initiation codon | 153 |
medium containing | 152 |
cell response | 152 |
clinical use | 152 |
pcr reaction | 152 |
ribosomal protein | 152 |
well tolerated | 152 |
therapeutic strategies | 152 |
throughput screening | 152 |
among different | 152 |
may help | 152 |
patient samples | 152 |
host antiviral | 151 |
ion channel | 151 |
rna dependent | 151 |
possible role | 151 |
gastrointestinal tract | 151 |
ovarian cancer | 151 |
initiation site | 151 |
time quantitative | 151 |
culture system | 151 |
different species | 151 |
outer membrane | 151 |
day post | 151 |
cell survival | 151 |
green fluorescent | 151 |
luciferase activity | 151 |
hek cells | 151 |
new virus | 151 |
cellular mrna | 150 |
target sequences | 150 |
interferon signaling | 150 |
expression profiling | 150 |
human transmission | 150 |
circular rnas | 150 |
host genes | 150 |
quantified using | 150 |
interfering particles | 150 |
bacterial infections | 150 |
rss gfp | 150 |
two viruses | 149 |
antibody titers | 149 |
molecular docking | 149 |
viral clearance | 149 |
also present | 149 |
nuclear pore | 149 |
host translation | 149 |
relatively high | 149 |
mirna expression | 149 |
cellular factors | 149 |
human cell | 149 |
antiviral immune | 149 |
hepatitis delta | 148 |
may explain | 148 |
developing countries | 148 |
three groups | 148 |
antigen presentation | 148 |
gene transcription | 148 |
lupus erythematosus | 148 |
expressing cells | 148 |
false positive | 148 |
protein level | 148 |
infl uenza | 147 |
movement protein | 147 |
genetic analysis | 147 |
molecular cloning | 147 |
virus glycoprotein | 147 |
high viral | 147 |
investigate whether | 147 |
ribosome profiling | 147 |
will help | 147 |
gastrointestinal symptoms | 147 |
viral infectivity | 147 |
virus infected | 146 |
transcribed rna | 146 |
dna methylation | 146 |
vitro studies | 146 |
sequence homology | 146 |
cellular functions | 146 |
murine leukemia | 146 |
energy transfer | 146 |
distantly related | 146 |
acid binding | 145 |
structural elements | 145 |
using two | 145 |
transfusion service | 145 |
airway epithelial | 145 |
lg ml | 145 |
orf protein | 145 |
enrichment analysis | 145 |
bhk cells | 145 |
murine norovirus | 145 |
expression profile | 145 |
buffer containing | 145 |
dimensional structure | 145 |
lung tissue | 145 |
diabetes mellitus | 144 |
feline calicivirus | 144 |
virus dna | 144 |
factor receptor | 144 |
insulin resistance | 144 |
new world | 144 |
enzymatic activities | 144 |
endothelial cell | 144 |
pcr system | 144 |
nanopore sequencing | 144 |
atp hydrolysis | 144 |
pcr kit | 144 |
cytosolic dna | 144 |
staphylococcus aureus | 143 |
therapeutic target | 143 |
direct rna | 143 |
pathogenic viruses | 143 |
competing interests | 143 |
human viruses | 143 |
nanoparticle tracking | 143 |
data collection | 143 |
large numbers | 143 |
binding domains | 143 |
previously identified | 143 |
membrane structures | 143 |
host shutoff | 143 |
like protein | 142 |
light scattering | 142 |
transcriptional regulation | 142 |
ribosomal proteins | 142 |
morpholino oligomers | 142 |
envelope glycoprotein | 142 |
systemic lupus | 142 |
like proteinase | 142 |
mutant viruses | 142 |
nucleoside analogues | 142 |
different viral | 142 |
north america | 142 |
sequence motifs | 142 |
ns proteins | 142 |
new york | 142 |
golgi apparatus | 142 |
dependent translation | 141 |
rna aptamers | 141 |
recently reported | 141 |
serially diluted | 141 |
cancer therapy | 141 |
huh cells | 141 |
lymphocytic choriomeningitis | 141 |
different stages | 141 |
vaccine candidate | 141 |
lassa fever | 141 |
viral transcription | 141 |
test results | 141 |
washed twice | 140 |
ssrna viruses | 140 |
per ml | 140 |
genome rna | 140 |
tracking analysis | 140 |
cell lysis | 140 |
gestational age | 140 |
sequencing reads | 140 |
circular rna | 140 |
circular dichroism | 140 |
ligand binding | 140 |
high resolution | 140 |
maximum likelihood | 140 |
vaccine candidates | 140 |
serum levels | 139 |
time course | 139 |
human health | 139 |
peritonitis virus | 139 |
vaccine strain | 139 |
early detection | 139 |
human serum | 139 |
acid substitutions | 139 |
see also | 139 |
extracted using | 139 |
vast majority | 139 |
dynamics simulations | 139 |
animal species | 139 |
primer set | 139 |
clinical data | 138 |
primary structure | 138 |
reverse primer | 138 |
significant decrease | 138 |
liver cirrhosis | 138 |
molecular detection | 138 |
england biolabs | 138 |
granule formation | 138 |
virus titer | 138 |
fatty acids | 138 |
secondary antibody | 138 |
one patient | 138 |
protein may | 137 |
reference genes | 137 |
play important | 137 |
viral structural | 137 |
human rna | 137 |
receptor signaling | 137 |
human ace | 137 |
wt mice | 137 |
give rise | 137 |
detection methods | 137 |
forward primer | 137 |
frameshift efficiency | 137 |
mosquito cells | 137 |
viral hepatitis | 137 |
clinically relevant | 136 |
blood supply | 136 |
nipah virus | 136 |
cell biology | 136 |
approved drugs | 136 |
mechanisms underlying | 136 |
rna strand | 136 |
sequence alignments | 136 |
cov genome | 136 |
also tested | 136 |
experimental evidence | 136 |
human population | 136 |
evolutionary history | 136 |
different time | 136 |
global health | 136 |
many cases | 136 |
membrane rearrangements | 136 |
recombinant proteins | 136 |
direct contact | 136 |
virus life | 135 |
tcid ml | 135 |
reference sequence | 135 |
ms ms | 135 |
among patients | 135 |
molecular patterns | 135 |
per well | 135 |
human plasma | 135 |
antiviral treatment | 135 |
caenorhabditis elegans | 135 |
equine arteritis | 135 |
lateral flow | 135 |
doublestranded rna | 134 |
four different | 134 |
virus vaccine | 134 |
hcv genotype | 134 |
experimental conditions | 134 |
study design | 134 |
replication sites | 134 |
arteritis virus | 134 |
experimental infection | 134 |
will allow | 134 |
north american | 134 |
associated herpesvirus | 134 |
respiratory specimens | 134 |
prrsv infection | 134 |
culture supernatant | 134 |
alpha beta | 134 |
previous work | 134 |
virus nucleoprotein | 133 |
human infection | 133 |
recombinant virus | 133 |
ace receptor | 133 |
cdna library | 133 |
much lower | 133 |
respiratory samples | 133 |
enteric viruses | 133 |
well understood | 133 |
mechanical ventilation | 133 |
way anova | 133 |
quantitative analysis | 133 |
skeletal muscle | 133 |
viral antigens | 133 |
current knowledge | 133 |
pcr detection | 132 |
plant rna | 132 |
young children | 132 |
rna segments | 132 |
respiratory illness | 132 |
cell migration | 132 |
associated proteins | 132 |
previous reports | 132 |
sirna targeting | 132 |
coronavirus pneumonia | 132 |
sars patients | 132 |
cell differentiation | 132 |
using primers | 132 |
rational design | 132 |
ribosomal subunit | 132 |
viral titer | 132 |
magnetic resonance | 132 |
catalytic domain | 132 |
associated molecular | 132 |
species transmission | 131 |
preliminary results | 131 |
stool samples | 131 |
respiratory diseases | 131 |
without permission | 131 |
stat signaling | 131 |
phylogenetic trees | 131 |
target effects | 131 |
cysteine protease | 131 |
reuse allowed | 131 |
jak stat | 131 |
virus nucleocapsid | 131 |
viruses including | 131 |
specific genes | 131 |
viral disease | 131 |
allowed without | 131 |
replication factories | 130 |
tlr signaling | 130 |
pl pro | 130 |
sarcoma virus | 130 |
interferon induction | 130 |
rnadependent rna | 130 |
conserved regions | 130 |
programmed ribosomal | 130 |
molecular level | 130 |
large amounts | 130 |
cellular immune | 130 |
mortality rates | 130 |
several viruses | 130 |
million people | 130 |
viral transcripts | 130 |
choriomeningitis virus | 130 |
intracellular rna | 130 |
polymerase complex | 130 |
igg antibodies | 130 |
well established | 130 |
virus nsp | 130 |
genetics system | 129 |
deletion mutants | 129 |
molecular evolution | 129 |
coronavirus mouse | 129 |
retrospective study | 129 |
large scale | 129 |
acute phase | 129 |
internal initiation | 129 |
central role | 129 |
drug administration | 129 |
mrna capping | 129 |
metal ions | 129 |
avian coronavirus | 129 |
protein interacts | 129 |
clinical course | 129 |
transmembrane protein | 129 |
protein genes | 129 |
viral fitness | 129 |
mammalian cell | 129 |
zikv infection | 128 |
times higher | 128 |
heterogeneous nuclear | 128 |
renilla luciferase | 128 |
patients undergoing | 128 |
proteomic analysis | 128 |
gene sequences | 128 |
colorectal cancer | 128 |
mediated gene | 128 |
inhibit viral | 128 |
encoded proteins | 128 |
side chain | 127 |
chemically modified | 127 |
hairpin rna | 127 |
vivo studies | 127 |
gold nanoparticles | 127 |
per reaction | 127 |
ct value | 127 |
washed three | 127 |
logistic regression | 127 |
done using | 127 |
samples using | 127 |
infection induces | 127 |
different rna | 127 |
among others | 127 |
protein inhibits | 127 |
clinical applications | 126 |
surface antigen | 126 |
extracted rna | 126 |
drug targets | 126 |
different mechanisms | 126 |
nonhuman primates | 126 |
nascent rna | 126 |
case report | 126 |
size exclusion | 126 |
human metapneumovirus | 126 |
mediated inhibition | 126 |
replication organelles | 126 |
rna pol | 126 |
kidney cells | 126 |
united kingdom | 126 |
positive correlation | 126 |
cell division | 126 |
rna mini | 126 |
point mutation | 125 |
inflammasome activation | 125 |
based methods | 125 |
brain tissue | 125 |
nuclear ribonucleoprotein | 125 |
several different | 125 |
specific antiviral | 125 |
umbilical cord | 125 |
cord blood | 125 |
functional domains | 125 |
may act | 125 |
transport medium | 125 |
cells may | 125 |
immune activation | 125 |
controlled trial | 125 |
fluorescence intensity | 125 |
i signaling | 125 |
cell signaling | 125 |
based detection | 125 |
sg assembly | 125 |
rabbit anti | 125 |
human airway | 124 |
different concentrations | 124 |
trizol reagent | 124 |
cellular receptor | 124 |
virus may | 124 |
large rna | 124 |
two patients | 124 |
potent inhibitor | 124 |
within days | 124 |
antiviral agent | 124 |
patients receiving | 124 |
nanotrap particles | 124 |
virtual screening | 124 |
host cellular | 124 |
tract infection | 124 |
positive patients | 124 |
plaque assays | 123 |
elongation factor | 123 |
heart failure | 123 |
log copies | 123 |
swine influenza | 123 |
virus species | 123 |
mhv rna | 123 |
nuclear translocation | 123 |
endothelial growth | 123 |
care unit | 123 |
viral species | 123 |
regulated genes | 123 |
cystic fibrosis | 123 |
pcr results | 123 |
rheumatoid arthritis | 123 |
studies will | 123 |
extraction kit | 123 |
protein production | 123 |
potential target | 123 |
using standard | 123 |
expression system | 123 |
cardiovascular disease | 123 |
human pathogens | 122 |
total protein | 122 |
present work | 122 |
rna stability | 122 |
increased levels | 122 |
inflammatory cytokine | 122 |
yeast cells | 122 |
molecule inhibitors | 122 |
extraction methods | 122 |
final volume | 122 |
saliva samples | 122 |
regression analysis | 122 |
specific immune | 122 |
group ii | 122 |
antiviral state | 122 |
structural changes | 122 |
first report | 122 |
nmr spectroscopy | 122 |
identified using | 122 |
also possible | 122 |
complete nucleotide | 122 |
mrna stability | 122 |
negative samples | 122 |
stimulated gene | 121 |
hydrogen bonding | 121 |
sample size | 121 |
study also | 121 |
evaluated using | 121 |
genetic recombination | 121 |
control samples | 121 |
early phase | 121 |
process control | 121 |
insect cells | 121 |
protein structures | 121 |
translation efficiency | 121 |
family coronaviridae | 121 |
virus gene | 121 |
helper virus | 121 |
based therapeutics | 121 |
pulmonary disease | 121 |
conserved region | 121 |
different regions | 121 |
chronic hcv | 121 |
healthy individuals | 121 |
also performed | 121 |
minus strand | 121 |
ns protease | 120 |
frameshift site | 120 |
remains unknown | 120 |
highly effective | 120 |
calf serum | 120 |
bacterial contamination | 120 |
brain barrier | 120 |
viral rdrp | 120 |
proteins encoded | 120 |
sirnas targeting | 120 |
yeast two | 120 |
also called | 120 |
thermo scientific | 120 |
qiaamp viral | 120 |
viral assembly | 120 |
isolated using | 120 |
lentiviral vectors | 119 |
therapeutic efficacy | 119 |
potential targets | 119 |
direct interaction | 119 |
viral evolution | 119 |
small intestine | 119 |
general population | 119 |
much less | 119 |
conserved sequence | 119 |
leaky scanning | 119 |
nucleoside analogs | 119 |
intrinsically disordered | 119 |
probably due | 118 |
cytopathic effects | 118 |
per sample | 118 |
restriction sites | 118 |
cleavage products | 118 |
blood safety | 118 |
pathogenic avian | 118 |
order nidovirales | 118 |
primer pairs | 118 |
expression data | 118 |
restriction enzyme | 118 |
fruit bats | 117 |
specific manner | 117 |
necrosis virus | 117 |
gold standard | 117 |
acute infection | 117 |
mycobacterium tuberculosis | 117 |
described earlier | 117 |
infected pigs | 117 |
many rna | 117 |
infect humans | 117 |
see section | 117 |
relative abundance | 117 |
acting elements | 117 |
genomic regions | 117 |
corona virus | 117 |
single amino | 117 |
drug target | 117 |
chemical modification | 117 |
surface area | 117 |
cellular stress | 117 |
three patients | 117 |
knockout mice | 117 |
virus protein | 116 |
mitochondrial membrane | 116 |
binding properties | 116 |
related genes | 116 |
diagnostic tools | 116 |
nucleocapsid proteins | 116 |
phylogenetic analyses | 116 |
mediated endocytosis | 116 |
lesser extent | 116 |
signalling pathways | 116 |
rhesus macaques | 116 |
antigen expression | 116 |
respiratory coronavirus | 116 |
recently identified | 116 |
cell function | 116 |
newly discovered | 116 |
body fluids | 116 |
viral population | 116 |
electron microscope | 116 |
beta interferon | 116 |
ic values | 116 |
template switching | 116 |
rna structural | 116 |
three major | 116 |
rna interaction | 115 |
rna pseudoknots | 115 |
neurodegenerative diseases | 115 |
highly variable | 115 |
muscle cells | 115 |
infection cycle | 115 |
host mrnas | 115 |
powerful tool | 115 |
using real | 115 |
sequence information | 115 |
protective effect | 115 |
functional genomics | 115 |
promoter activity | 115 |
provide evidence | 115 |
error bars | 115 |
different strains | 115 |
host responses | 115 |
rna world | 115 |
splice site | 115 |
stop codons | 115 |
viral dsrna | 115 |
dna aptamer | 115 |
rna aptamer | 115 |
adhesion molecule | 115 |
bat origin | 114 |
using specific | 114 |
hematopoietic stem | 114 |
embryonic stem | 114 |
primers used | 114 |
presenting cells | 114 |
data showed | 114 |
substrate specificity | 114 |
messenger rnas | 114 |
delta virus | 114 |
control groups | 114 |
dna vaccines | 114 |
linear regression | 114 |
virus growth | 114 |
like proteases | 114 |
factors involved | 114 |
pivotal role | 114 |
one hand | 114 |
one hour | 114 |
arabidopsis thaliana | 114 |
tissue damage | 114 |
many studies | 113 |
studies revealed | 113 |
white spot | 113 |
reproductive tract | 113 |
host genome | 113 |
exonuclease activity | 113 |
replication proteins | 113 |
data demonstrate | 113 |
pseudoknot structure | 113 |
cycle arrest | 113 |
viral proteases | 113 |
biochemical characterization | 113 |
false negative | 113 |
two main | 113 |
rna complex | 113 |
strand cdna | 113 |
bacteriophage ms | 113 |
assays using | 113 |
rna chaperones | 113 |
gene sequence | 112 |
rna level | 112 |
aug codons | 112 |
human norovirus | 112 |
density gradient | 112 |
rna packaging | 112 |
nsp complex | 112 |
mrna encoding | 112 |
accession numbers | 112 |
negatively regulates | 112 |
stromal cells | 112 |
based amplification | 112 |
affinity chromatography | 112 |
per day | 112 |
lipid droplets | 112 |
cells showed | 112 |
cause severe | 112 |
virus genomic | 112 |
rous sarcoma | 112 |
immune complexes | 112 |
transcription start | 112 |
error rate | 112 |
graphpad prism | 112 |
progeny virus | 112 |
increasing number | 112 |
box rna | 112 |
secondary antibodies | 112 |
recombinant human | 112 |
autologous blood | 112 |
sensitive detection | 111 |
shannon entropy | 111 |
sense single | 111 |
factors associated | 111 |
cells well | 111 |
dna sensing | 111 |
recipient cells | 111 |
new host | 111 |
dependent protein | 111 |
type diabetes | 111 |
alkaline phosphatase | 111 |
may facilitate | 111 |
negative regulator | 111 |
fully understood | 111 |
clinical application | 111 |
high specificity | 111 |
highly efficient | 111 |
virus vp | 111 |
therapeutic options | 111 |
rsv infection | 110 |
replication transcription | 110 |
nucleotide substitutions | 110 |
severe respiratory | 110 |
ms phage | 110 |
candidate genes | 110 |
clinical outcome | 110 |
polypyrimidine tract | 110 |
pcr reactions | 110 |
terminal domains | 110 |
guinea pigs | 110 |
house virus | 110 |
following infection | 110 |
pancreatic cancer | 110 |
flock house | 110 |
natural selection | 110 |
assessed using | 110 |
long time | 110 |
alb ts | 109 |
sense strand | 109 |
pcr primers | 109 |
infection may | 109 |
atomic force | 109 |
major cause | 109 |
purified rna | 109 |
antiviral protein | 109 |
ray crystallography | 109 |
using anti | 109 |
biologically active | 109 |
progenitor cells | 109 |
specific viral | 109 |
like domain | 109 |
infectious particles | 109 |
healthy donors | 109 |
replication machinery | 109 |
cleavage activity | 109 |
polyprotein processing | 109 |
virus challenge | 109 |
natural products | 109 |
viral families | 109 |
microarray analysis | 109 |
randomized clinical | 109 |
replicon rna | 109 |
lipid metabolism | 108 |
science foundation | 108 |
leading cause | 108 |
promoter region | 108 |
still unclear | 108 |
liver injury | 108 |
structure elements | 108 |
liver cancer | 108 |
polyclonal antibody | 108 |
therapeutic applications | 108 |
oral administration | 108 |
downstream signaling | 108 |
acid changes | 108 |
reverse genetic | 108 |
viral strains | 108 |
expression pattern | 108 |
one case | 108 |
new viral | 108 |
ace expression | 108 |
interacting protein | 108 |
signalling pathway | 108 |
using trizol | 108 |
cytoplasmic rna | 108 |
independent translation | 108 |
potato virus | 108 |
newly identified | 108 |
largely unknown | 108 |
gene segments | 108 |
enveloped virus | 108 |
positive controls | 108 |
human parainfluenza | 107 |
also included | 107 |
apoptotic cells | 107 |
detection system | 107 |
veroe cells | 107 |
major histocompatibility | 107 |
hydrogen bond | 107 |
virus populations | 107 |
exogenous ncrnas | 107 |
molecular diagnostic | 107 |
related coronavirus | 107 |
bacterial infection | 107 |
tissue sections | 107 |
late endosomes | 107 |
respiratory viral | 107 |
supporting information | 107 |
efficient replication | 107 |
cell epitopes | 107 |
regulatory elements | 107 |
african swine | 107 |
low ph | 107 |
virus spread | 107 |
mrna delivery | 107 |
age groups | 107 |
reactive protein | 107 |
diagnostic methods | 107 |
surface plasmon | 107 |
ribonucleic acid | 107 |
dna fragment | 107 |
respiratory failure | 107 |
i ii | 107 |
termination codon | 106 |
investigated whether | 106 |
potential antiviral | 106 |
strand rnas | 106 |
mediated rna | 106 |
increasing concentrations | 106 |
replicase protein | 106 |
research institute | 106 |
oligoadenylate synthetase | 106 |
acid detection | 106 |
open access | 106 |
rdrp activity | 106 |
signal amplification | 106 |
ribosomal entry | 106 |
molecular interactions | 106 |
showed significant | 106 |
positive result | 106 |
canine coronavirus | 106 |
immunocompromised patients | 106 |
kg day | 106 |
results demonstrated | 106 |
cell monolayers | 106 |
respiratory symptoms | 106 |
structural information | 106 |
diagnostic test | 106 |
virus envelope | 105 |
nsp proteins | 105 |
small size | 105 |
spike proteins | 105 |
purifying selection | 105 |
mutation frequency | 105 |
rna splicing | 105 |
clinical diagnosis | 105 |
extracellular vesicle | 105 |
coronavirus mhv | 105 |
recent report | 105 |
amplified using | 105 |
mm kcl | 105 |
web server | 105 |
near future | 105 |
body mass | 105 |
viral reads | 105 |
low molecular | 105 |
muscular dystrophy | 105 |
nucleoside analog | 105 |
rna load | 105 |
functional characterization | 105 |
viral quasispecies | 105 |
high expression | 105 |
humoral immune | 105 |
movement proteins | 105 |
protein function | 105 |
high concentrations | 105 |
confidence interval | 104 |
influenza pandemic | 104 |
ribosome biogenesis | 104 |
spot syndrome | 104 |
primary antibodies | 104 |
rna cleavage | 104 |
transfusion services | 104 |
cellular rnas | 104 |
first case | 104 |
significant changes | 104 |
specific gene | 104 |
intracellular membranes | 104 |
bronchoalveolar lavage | 104 |
reticulocyte lysate | 104 |
human monoclonal | 104 |
like structure | 104 |
virus factories | 104 |
stat pathway | 104 |
dna polymerases | 104 |
autoimmune disease | 104 |
blood flow | 104 |
genome encodes | 104 |
specific primer | 104 |
mutant spectrum | 104 |
vertical transmission | 104 |
highly structured | 104 |
tumor cell | 104 |
conserved across | 103 |
i i | 103 |
low viral | 103 |
viral growth | 103 |
expression plasmids | 103 |
noncoding region | 103 |
viral components | 103 |
human blood | 103 |
recent work | 103 |
two rna | 103 |
pore complex | 103 |
expression plasmid | 103 |
clinical disease | 103 |
nasal swabs | 103 |
potent antiviral | 103 |
nucleolar localization | 103 |
consensus sequences | 103 |
virus vaccines | 103 |
seq analysis | 103 |
pathway analysis | 103 |
specific interaction | 103 |
protein ns | 103 |
old world | 103 |
human embryonic | 103 |
viral detection | 103 |
drosophila melanogaster | 103 |
bluetongue virus | 103 |
simultaneous detection | 103 |
drug candidates | 103 |
molecular modeling | 103 |
res doi | 102 |
transforming growth | 102 |
disease caused | 102 |
mitochondrial antiviral | 102 |
also involved | 102 |
sequence conservation | 102 |
one day | 102 |
dead box | 102 |
poliovirus infection | 102 |
prepared using | 102 |
new antiviral | 102 |
plasmon resonance | 102 |
clinical manifestations | 102 |
binding motif | 102 |
test whether | 102 |
donor selection | 102 |
south korea | 102 |
early diagnosis | 102 |
nuclear proteins | 102 |
mrna transcripts | 102 |
antibody screening | 102 |
surface expression | 102 |
evolutionarily conserved | 102 |
er membrane | 102 |
chronic liver | 101 |
cell extracts | 101 |
human macrophages | 101 |
ts mutants | 101 |
study period | 101 |
diagnostic tool | 101 |
among rna | 101 |
shock proteins | 101 |
essential medium | 101 |
viral protease | 101 |
rich region | 101 |
may reflect | 101 |
particular interest | 101 |
accessory protein | 101 |
results suggested | 101 |
binding region | 101 |
induced cell | 101 |
different methods | 101 |
significant role | 101 |
transcription polymerase | 101 |
lipid bilayers | 101 |
largest rna | 101 |
infected vero | 101 |
adipose tissue | 101 |
fatality rate | 101 |
functional role | 101 |
close contact | 101 |
recently developed | 101 |
swab specimens | 101 |
dna amplification | 101 |
high mortality | 101 |
starting point | 101 |
median age | 100 |
effective treatment | 100 |
life sciences | 100 |
cell populations | 100 |
virus taxonomy | 100 |
mediated signaling | 100 |
shed light | 100 |
selective pressure | 100 |
proteolytic activity | 100 |
coronavirus replicase | 100 |
high prevalence | 100 |
transplant recipients | 100 |
like proteins | 100 |
age group | 100 |
biosafety level | 100 |
coronavirus oc | 100 |
multiplex pcr | 100 |
interferon responses | 100 |
rabbit polyclonal | 100 |
liver biopsy | 100 |
study using | 100 |
correlation coefficient | 100 |
genome segment | 100 |
particle assembly | 100 |
analytical sensitivity | 100 |
virus shedding | 100 |
cell population | 99 |
envelope glycoproteins | 99 |
internal ribosomal | 99 |
polyclonal antibodies | 99 |
immunofluorescence assay | 99 |
prospective study | 99 |
study demonstrated | 99 |
therapeutic strategy | 99 |
mediated translation | 99 |
ethidium bromide | 99 |
human host | 99 |
reported previously | 99 |
first described | 99 |
stranded rnas | 99 |
yellow head | 99 |
cmv promoter | 99 |
cancer progression | 99 |
mouse brain | 99 |
rnai pathway | 99 |
growth kinetics | 99 |
factor eif | 99 |
mast cells | 99 |
great potential | 99 |
inflammatory diseases | 99 |
epidermal growth | 99 |
particle size | 99 |
forming units | 99 |
low concentrations | 99 |
cell tropism | 99 |
illumina miseq | 99 |
infectious viral | 99 |
bat coronaviruses | 99 |
thank dr | 99 |
electrostatic interactions | 99 |
using either | 99 |
performed according | 99 |
defense mechanisms | 98 |
cellular dna | 98 |
nucleoside analogue | 98 |
clinical isolates | 98 |
acting rna | 98 |
coronavirus sars | 98 |
adverse reactions | 98 |
rna capping | 98 |
mock infected | 98 |
cell lung | 98 |
novel viruses | 98 |
nuclear bodies | 98 |
electron microscopic | 98 |
still unknown | 98 |
cpg dinucleotides | 98 |
chronically infected | 98 |
cell receptors | 98 |
pathogen detection | 98 |
mediated immune | 98 |
i activation | 98 |
publicly available | 98 |
surface proteins | 98 |
effective antiviral | 98 |
hcl ph | 98 |
lipid membranes | 98 |
biological properties | 98 |
vice versa | 98 |
hcv replicon | 98 |
chemical modifications | 98 |
total cellular | 98 |
adult patients | 98 |
polymerase iii | 98 |
transcription complex | 98 |
sirna duplexes | 98 |
solution structure | 98 |
may indicate | 98 |
respiratory infection | 98 |
fully automated | 98 |
model systems | 98 |
novel antiviral | 98 |
national blood | 98 |
patients received | 98 |
year old | 98 |
go terms | 97 |
body temperature | 97 |
nucleotide identity | 97 |
new viruses | 97 |
provide new | 97 |
without affecting | 97 |
mhv replication | 97 |
pulmonary fibrosis | 97 |
cycle threshold | 97 |
chemically synthesized | 97 |
catalytic site | 97 |
antiglobulin test | 97 |
clinically significant | 97 |
bl mice | 97 |
tat protein | 97 |
related proteins | 97 |
past years | 97 |
cellular genes | 97 |
solid phase | 97 |
genes associated | 97 |
studies indicate | 97 |
method using | 97 |
regulatory role | 97 |
rna products | 97 |
well characterized | 97 |
functional receptor | 97 |
chikv nsp | 97 |
standard deviations | 97 |
coronavirus transcription | 97 |
genome structure | 97 |
rna translation | 97 |
based vaccines | 97 |
rna strands | 97 |
ns helicase | 97 |
containing protein | 97 |
successfully used | 97 |
national center | 97 |
nested set | 97 |
pi ka | 97 |
viral spread | 97 |
loop structures | 97 |
effector cells | 97 |
specific cell | 97 |
liver fibrosis | 97 |
healthy volunteers | 96 |
samples obtained | 96 |
liver tissue | 96 |
mottle virus | 96 |
target protein | 96 |
nucleolar proteins | 96 |
two weeks | 96 |
thermofisher scientific | 96 |
also show | 96 |
inhibitors targeting | 96 |
signal peptide | 96 |
shrna expression | 96 |
nkt cells | 96 |
length genome | 96 |
induced membrane | 96 |
selection pressure | 96 |
antiviral strategies | 96 |
lactate dehydrogenase | 96 |
borne viruses | 96 |
gastroenteritis coronavirus | 96 |
treatment options | 96 |
biological function | 96 |
metal ion | 96 |
unwinding activity | 96 |
cytoplasmic tail | 96 |
leader trs | 96 |
factor viii | 96 |
virus replicase | 96 |
also contains | 96 |
vitro selection | 96 |
two separate | 96 |
dna sensor | 96 |
significantly associated | 96 |
viral transport | 96 |
rna copy | 96 |
virus infectivity | 96 |
integral membrane | 96 |
liquid nitrogen | 96 |
entire genome | 96 |
study revealed | 95 |
rna disruption | 95 |
aedes aegypti | 95 |
agarose gels | 95 |
rna production | 95 |
signaling protein | 95 |
dromedary camels | 95 |
force microscopy | 95 |
preliminary data | 95 |
pedv nsp | 95 |
viral metagenomics | 95 |
viruses isolated | 95 |
chronic obstructive | 95 |
single dose | 95 |
monkey kidney | 95 |
blood service | 95 |
dna molecules | 95 |
dbt cells | 95 |
reduced viral | 95 |
inclusion bodies | 95 |
conserved motifs | 95 |
terminal sequences | 95 |
persistent infections | 95 |
also able | 95 |
phase iii | 95 |
rna dna | 95 |
new therapeutic | 95 |
healthy subjects | 95 |
clinical outcomes | 95 |
table i | 95 |
encoded protein | 95 |
novo initiation | 95 |
deficient cells | 95 |
nucleotide positions | 95 |
foreign gene | 94 |
urgent need | 94 |