trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
as well as	3464
of the virus	3115
the presence of	2914
respiratory syncytial virus	2625
influenza a virus	2581
the development of	2293
the use of	2275
hepatitis c virus	1995
one of the	1692
of influenza a	1629
the role of	1586
severe acute respiratory	1537
of the viral	1515
the number of	1476
h n virus	1464
acute respiratory syndrome	1459
of influenza virus	1360
due to the	1343
h n influenza	1342
a number of	1341
been shown to	1294
herpes simplex virus	1294
it has been	1259
in addition to	1250
the united states	1226
virus infection in	1191
in order to	1189
based on the	1167
west nile virus	1147
influenza a viruses	1110
human immunodeficiency virus	1098
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	1028
of h n	1027
in the united	1016
the detection of	993
has been shown	981
the absence of	976
the case of	968
a variety of	941
in this study	915
such as the	880
in the case	879
analysis of the	867
the treatment of	862
h n viruses	862
a and b	859
the production of	841
is associated with	835
in patients with	833
the emergence of	827
the host cell	823
of the disease	822
the h n	812
has also been	800
associated with the	796
lower respiratory tract	791
the effect of	789
in the presence	784
of the host	782
shown to be	775
found to be	773
hepatitis b virus	757
there is a	755
the risk of	751
most of the	749
members of the	736
the expression of	735
can be used	729
polymerase chain reaction	723
as a result	715
the formation of	713
part of the	707
the most common	705
influenza virus infection	705
role in the	700
the majority of	699
a h n	697
according to the	690
some of the	685
the fact that	684
on the other	683
have also been	680
in the absence	679
involved in the	679
virus in the	676
there is no	665
the importance of	652
central nervous system	651
the spread of	643
the surface of	640
in vitro and	637
the other hand	637
the immune system	632
be used to	631
of a novel	631
the respiratory tract	629
structure of the	629
the ability to	628
the pathogenesis of	626
has been reported	625
to be a	623
have been reported	617
has not been	616
the virus is	613
the ability of	608
in response to	607
related to the	598
the influenza virus	598
h n and	598
the lack of	592
of these viruses	589
because of the	588
it is not	584
in cell culture	583
of hepatitis c	581
the viral genome	576
a result of	575
of the influenza	573
and h n	572
for the detection	571
present in the	569
of the most	567
east respiratory syndrome	567
the immune response	566
middle east respiratory	566
viruses in the	566
reproductive and respiratory	565
and respiratory syndrome	564
found in the	563
porcine reproductive and	563
and characterization of	562
world health organization	557
to be the	555
of the human	553
a role in	551
infectious bronchitis virus	547
in terms of	546
vesicular stomatitis virus	544
avian influenza a	543
the evolution of	538
changes in the	537
well as the	536
depending on the	535
in the same	533
of ebola virus	532
avian influenza viruses	532
understanding of the	532
the virus to	528
respiratory syndrome virus	528
of respiratory viruses	525
was found to	523
and in vivo	521
for the treatment	520
in contrast to	518
the identification of	514
of influenza viruses	513
for detection of	509
is required for	509
avian influenza virus	505
to determine the	504
the course of	504
have shown that	504
vitro and in	502
the cell surface	501
responsible for the	500
are associated with	500
in which the	499
upper respiratory tract	499
respiratory tract infections	497
rift valley fever	496
the plasma membrane	495
have been shown	492
the induction of	492
that can be	489
immunodeficiency virus type	488
influenza a and	485
of a new	484
influenza a h	480
the level of	477
end of the	477
appears to be	476
development of a	476
of a virus	475
was detected in	472
the replication of	470
can also be	468
and in the	466
the end of	464
of the viruses	464
have been used	463
have been identified	462
pandemic h n	462
the effects of	461
was used to	460
antiviral activity of	458
it is possible	458
of rna viruses	457
n influenza virus	457
is the most	456
the study of	455
member of the	455
been associated with	455
detected in the	454
have been developed	454
was shown to	454
characterization of the	454
simplex virus type	453
on the surface	452
of respiratory syncytial	451
of avian influenza	451
immune response to	446
likely to be	444
associated with a	442
innate immune response	441
morbidity and mortality	440
been used to	438
cd t cells	436
a total of	434
of viral rna	434
an important role	433
in the human	430
the most important	427
the virus and	427
hepatitis a virus	427
the control of	426
to the virus	426
of viruses in	425
infection in the	424
wide range of	423
the basis of	423
syncytial virus infection	423
of the genome	421
were found to	420
the mechanism of	415
the discovery of	415
of patients with	415
expression of the	414
infection of the	410
the possibility of	410
the efficacy of	408
the generation of	407
is based on	406
the onset of	405
the innate immune	404
in the s	404
the context of	403
the virus was	403
is essential for	403
mouse hepatitis virus	403
of the immune	403
the central nervous	402
contribute to the	402
a wide range	402
the virus in	401
is one of	401
large number of	400
in some cases	398
viruses such as	398
region of the	396
newcastle disease virus	395
important role in	394
for the development	394
the amount of	394
the impact of	394
have not been	394
years of age	393
need to be	393
with respect to	392
the time of	392
of severe acute	390
in hong kong	390
used as a	390
dependent rna polymerase	389
in the viral	388
showed that the	388
be associated with	387
that the virus	385
type i interferon	385
the origin of	383
and it is	383
has been used	382
in children with	382
to that of	382
characterization of a	382
led to the	381
of the family	381
the need for	381
compared to the	380
in the context	379
role of the	379
pathogenic avian influenza	378
closely related to	376
have been described	376
considered to be	375
appear to be	374
in combination with	374
highly pathogenic avian	372
identification of a	372
each of the	372
the prevalence of	371
that have been	370
in the host	370
the rate of	370
ebola virus disease	370
type i ifn	369
was isolated from	369
may not be	368
were detected in	368
virus infections in	367
been reported in	367
all of the	366
are able to	366
of the cell	365
n and h	364
are known to	364
isolated from the	363
of dengue virus	362
high levels of	361
been reported to	360
respiratory viruses in	360
viruses have been	360
surface of the	359
derived from the	359
hepatitis e virus	358
addition to the	358
nature of the	358
may also be	357
similar to the	357
at the time	357
used for the	357
the influenza a	356
it is important	355
in the cytoplasm	355
the viral rna	354
activation of the	354
the results of	353
and can be	352
a combination of	351
an outbreak of	351
at the same	351
that of the	349
in the first	349
some of these	347
infl uenza virus	347
in the development	347
many of the	346
play a role	345
cells in the	344
the release of	343
observed in the	342
in the lungs	341
used in the	339
on the basis	339
of the pandemic	339
it should be	339
an increase in	337
the result of	337
influenza h n	336
is important to	336
of the same	335
virus infection and	335
the transmission of	334
porcine epidemic diarrhea	334
a range of	333
referred to as	333
virus replication in	332
the introduction of	332
regions of the	332
are the most	332
similar to that	331
the incidence of	331
virus and the	330
activity of the	330
caused by the	329
influenza virus in	328
a review of	327
the potential for	327
sequence of the	327
the structure of	326
of herpes simplex	326
the severity of	325
at room temperature	324
differences in the	324
in the early	324
are involved in	323
the potential to	322
thought to be	322
the genome of	322
seems to be	322
of the two	321
the site of	321
of the genus	320
of west nile	320
of the first	319
the activation of	319
of the h	318
of zika virus	318
pandemic influenza a	317
the synthesis of	316
ha and na	316
for disease control	316
of human immunodeficiency	315
a series of	315
our understanding of	314
the nature of	314
influenza c virus	313
is thought to	311
is able to	311
a member of	310
it is also	310
a large number	309
of the infection	309
japanese encephalitis virus	309
cells infected with	308
been detected in	308
influenza viruses in	307
can lead to	307
in the environment	307
known to be	307
in the usa	306
be used for	306
has been demonstrated	306
prevention and control	306
the addition of	306
respiratory tract infection	305
virus infection of	305
the same time	303
in infected cells	302
of the respiratory	302
be due to	302
is responsible for	300
the viral envelope	300
transmission of the	298
in the field	297
is possible that	297
the present study	295
is an important	295
of infectious diseases	295
the occurrence of	294
n influenza a	294
of type i	294
of the sars	293
mutations in the	293
it can be	293
for use in	292
be able to	292
control and prevention	292
a recent study	292
of the protein	292
of the world	292
in the past	291
in recent years	290
may be a	290
in the treatment	289
of infected cells	289
in the future	289
feline immunodeficiency virus	289
studies have shown	289
spread of the	288
epidemic diarrhea virus	287
cells of the	287
as shown in	287
identification of the	284
viral replication and	284
n influenza viruses	283
presence of the	283
study of the	282
be involved in	282
and evolution of	282
semliki forest virus	282
lead to the	281
is involved in	281
were used to	280
at least one	280
viruses of the	280
to the development	280
been shown that	280
in humans and	279
of viral replication	279
their ability to	278
similar to those	278
bovine viral diarrhea	278
a virus infection	277
the process of	277
depends on the	277
respiratory viral infections	276
in young children	275
there was no	275
have been found	275
h and h	274
is likely to	274
viral infections in	274
dependent on the	273
congo hemorrhagic fever	273
the human population	272
of viral infections	272
of the rna	272
studies on the	272
in this review	272
which can be	271
emerging infectious diseases	271
more likely to	270
the upper respiratory	270
can be detected	269
use of the	269
has been suggested	269
increase in the	269
the frequency of	269
disease control and	269
of this virus	268
were able to	268
to assess the	268
from patients with	267
included in the	267
are responsible for	267
response to the	267
in the respiratory	267
can be found	267
the inhibition of	267
belonging to the	267
h n avian	266
is characterized by	266
infected with the	265
to reduce the	265
the interaction of	265
immune responses to	264
more than one	264
was observed in	263
be used as	262
a systematic review	262
the activity of	262
replication of the	262
suggest that the	262
which is a	262
centers for disease	261
in the present	261
a virus in	260
virus replication and	260
due to their	260
comparison of the	259
function of the	259
the function of	259
data not shown	258
mice infected with	258
the cause of	258
binding to the	257
virus can be	257
strand rna viruses	256
it may be	256
node length cov	256
has been described	256
in the brain	256
virsorter node length	256
the diagnosis of	255
needs to be	255
components of the	255
it is likely	255
in the virus	255
during the first	254
the amino acid	253
parts of the	253
presence of a	253
suggested that the	253
mouth disease virus	253
to evaluate the	252
of hepatitis b	252
may lead to	252
the binding of	252
isolated from a	252
the disease is	252
in the pathogenesis	252
the ebola virus	252
to the host	252
in this case	252
in the lung	251
in the nucleus	251
the size of	251
of pandemic influenza	250
nm in diameter	250
viral diarrhea virus	250
infection in a	250
antiviral activity against	250
swine fever virus	250
been isolated from	250
to have a	250
any of the	249
the type of	249
be found in	249
one or more	249
caused by a	249
with the virus	249
was associated with	249
the endoplasmic reticulum	249
reported to be	248
could not be	248
mechanism of action	248
the antiviral activity	247
human and animal	247
virus has been	246
infl uenza a	246
replication in the	246
that it is	246
other respiratory viruses	246
size of the	246
valley fever virus	245
of infl uenza	245
is mediated by	245
use of a	245
the effectiveness of	244
influenza b virus	244
it is a	244
tobacco mosaic virus	243
for treatment of	243
of viral proteins	243
the causative agent	242
the interaction between	242
the distribution of	242
balb c mice	242
there have been	242
cat virsorter node	241
amino acid sequence	241
there are no	240
to the cell	240
shown that the	240
yellow fever virus	240
for at least	239
h n pdm	239
as a consequence	239
are likely to	239
is that the	239
was found in	239
remains to be	238
the application of	238
with regard to	238
the world health	238
be detected in	238
evolution of the	238
risk factors for	237
properties of the	237
innate immune responses	237
n avian influenza	237
for up to	237
at the end	236
human influenza a	236
should be considered	235
by electron microscopy	235
of viruses and	235
results in the	235
and b viruses	234
the concentration of	234
in the last	234
than that of	234
tumor necrosis factor	233
of enteric viruses	233
been found to	233
the potential of	233
and has been	233
of the population	232
is caused by	232
to identify the	232
the survival of	232
to study the	232
were found in	232
a group of	232
of viral infection	232
well as in	232
leading to the	231
of a single	231
for the first	231
the lower respiratory	230
the age of	230
into the host	230
the possibility that	230
has been found	229
of a viral	229
the mechanisms of	229
as part of	229
t cell responses	228
of acute respiratory	228
on the virus	228
is known to	227
added to the	227
the common cold	227
the virus can	227
is likely that	226
were infected with	226
with h n	226
this is the	226
review of the	226
to understand the	226
hemorrhagic fever virus	225
a mouse model	225
wang et al	225
innate and adaptive	225
viruses can be	225
c virus infection	225
phylogenetic analysis of	225
seem to be	224
inhibition of the	224
and the virus	224
for influenza virus	224
the form of	224
in the laboratory	224
of hepatitis a	224
for the virus	223
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus	223
the availability of	223
of the infected	223
of virus particles	223
in our study	223
are required for	222
play an important	222
influenza virus and	221
it was shown	221
of the major	221
shown in fig	221
is a major	221
and development of	220
in saudi arabia	220
h n infection	220
the design of	219
viruses isolated from	219
and control of	219
due to a	219
were shown to	219
based on a	219
there was a	218
associated with severe	218
the appearance of	218
open reading frame	218
as previously described	218
be used in	217
of the virion	217
the host immune	217
resulted in a	217
viruses and the	216
the existence of	216
crystal structure of	216
required for the	216
supported by the	216
virus in a	216
are shown in	216
of the ha	216
is dependent on	216
viruses that are	216
has been proposed	215
with influenza a	215
in the study	215
in mammalian cells	215
the proportion of	215
could be used	215
of infectious virus	214
was able to	214
has been observed	214
evaluation of the	214
can result in	214
in developing countries	214
in the upper	214
of the patients	214
of porcine reproductive	214
wide variety of	213
resulting in the	213
of virus in	213
was supported by	212
zika virus infection	212
of nipah virus	212
for influenza a	212
the authors declare	212
on the cell	212
in animal models	212
h n pandemic	211
were observed in	211
none of the	211
the source of	211
the outcome of	211
this study was	211
the extent of	211
human respiratory syncytial	211
but not in	211
been observed in	211
clinical signs and	211
the range of	211
was carried out	210
knowledge of the	210
immune responses in	210
insights into the	210
for min at	210
to be more	210
viruses and their	210
disease in the	209
and in vitro	209
in relation to	208
also known as	208
for the presence	208
but it is	208
a novel coronavirus	208
the relationship between	207
infection with a	207
this is a	207
of which are	207
suggests that the	207
suggesting that the	207
detection of respiratory	206
as compared to	206
yet to be	206
due to its	206
those of the	206
a consequence of	206
with acute respiratory	206
children and adults	206
the incubation period	206
effect on the	205
respiratory virus infections	205
the regulation of	205
virus is a	205
the cells were	205
in the form	204
infection in mice	204
have to be	204
of action of	204
a wide variety	204
that there is	204
of neutralizing antibodies	204
seen in the	204
by the virus	204
that could be	204
disease in humans	203
as in the	203
not yet been	203
host immune response	203
been found in	203
is due to	203
causative agent of	203
shown in figure	203
the field of	202
also been reported	202
virus from the	202
and respiratory syncytial	202
the hepatitis c	201
mhc class i	201
number of viruses	201
detection of influenza	201
respiratory distress syndrome	200
influenza virus a	200
the beginning of	200
belongs to the	200
followed by a	200
equine encephalitis virus	200
to investigate the	200
virus isolated from	200
the prevention of	200
the epidemiology of	200
belong to the	200
avian infectious bronchitis	200
have been associated	199
leads to the	199
to increase the	199
the first time	199
respiratory tract disease	199
its ability to	198
that has been	198
the middle east	198
the probability of	198
to the viral	198
to those of	198
of virus replication	197
ebola virus infection	197
a role for	197
of the vaccine	197
it is the	197
patients with severe	197
and identification of	197
found that the	196
avian h n	196
in the cell	196
and may be	196
demonstrated that the	196
consistent with the	196
stranded rna viruses	196
and that the	195
isolation of a	194
the analysis of	194
in association with	194
located in the	194
the levels of	194
taxonomy of viruses	194
for h at	193
the degree of	192
respiratory infections in	192
characteristics of the	192
borne encephalitis virus	192
influenza virus hemagglutinin	192
human parainfluenza virus	192
dengue virus infection	192
shown in table	191
in tissue culture	191
has led to	191
which may be	191
borna disease virus	191
the efficiency of	190
in a single	190
respiratory disease in	190
and treatment of	190
been identified in	190
with or without	190
cd t cell	190
between the two	190
with the exception	190
amino acid sequences	190
these viruses are	189
may result in	189
were positive for	189
in a study	189
the university of	189
in infants and	189
of infection and	189
acute respiratory distress	189
experimental infection of	188
of infectious bronchitis	188
infection in humans	188
is also a	188
enteric viruses in	188
are present in	188
origin of the	188
immune response in	188
of the three	188
revealed that the	188
to interact with	188
are capable of	188
sequences of the	188
to be effective	188
have been detected	187
innate immune system	187
up to days	187
was added to	187
is not a	187
is not known	186
the isolation of	186
venezuelan equine encephalitis	186
was shown that	186
in case of	186
in west africa	186
were obtained from	186
of the study	186
detection of the	185
many of these	185
this type of	185
serve as a	185
the severe acute	185
african swine fever	185
in vivo and	185
compared with the	185
and immunogenicity of	185
are susceptible to	184
in the blood	184
essential for the	184
a study of	184
domain of the	184
human h n	184
li et al	184
amino acid residues	184
only a few	184
development of the	184
the virus has	184
interact with the	183
of this study	183
onset of symptoms	183
is difficult to	183
results in a	183
infections in the	183
direct contact with	183
there has been	183
they can be	183
believed to be	183
we found that	182
should not be	182
studies of the	182
adaptive immune responses	182
obtained from the	182
described in the	182
linked immunosorbent assay	182
conflict of interest	182
detection of viral	181
in the control	181
is similar to	181
of infection in	181
contrast to the	181
of vaccinia virus	181
for the study	180
different types of	180
against influenza a	180
in north america	180
dna and rna	180
the establishment of	180
been implicated in	179
effect of the	179
with the same	179
emergence of a	179
the cell membrane	179
in influenza virus	179
a lack of	179
be related to	179
with a high	179
the duration of	179
binding of the	178
viral replication in	178
the host response	178
the exception of	178
which is the	178
been described in	178
to bind to	178
on the host	178
b and c	178
of highly pathogenic	178
identified in the	178
incubation period of	177
development of new	177
clinical signs of	177
were isolated from	177
the entry of	177
from the same	177
are needed to	177
is important for	176
in mice and	176
with respiratory syncytial	176
in the central	176
may contribute to	175
there are many	175
as a potential	175
interaction with the	175
associated with an	175
because of their	175
resulted in the	175
up to of	174
that may be	174
there is an	174
was used for	174
the type i	174
is composed of	173
half of the	173
together with the	173
in vero cells	173
be noted that	173
genome sequence of	173
composition of the	173
been suggested that	173
transmission of influenza	173
be caused by	173
as described in	173
is shown in	172
have been isolated	172
was performed using	172
the stability of	172
in a mouse	172
is the first	172
has recently been	172
in the following	172
with influenza virus	172
are found in	172
is used to	172
the spike protein	172
a patient with	172
to inhibit the	171
to play a	171
most of these	171
have been observed	171
has been associated	171
acute respiratory infections	171
syncytial virus in	171
feline infectious peritonitis	171
which has been	171
change in the	171
of the target	170
the influence of	170
pathogenic h n	170
of the antiviral	170
of the innate	170
and of the	170
highly pathogenic h	170
sequence analysis of	170
better understanding of	170
in the liver	169
of the s	169
as described above	169
influenza viruses and	169
by means of	169
virus was detected	169
to determine whether	169
chronic hepatitis c	169
canine distemper virus	168
that there are	168
were collected from	168
disease caused by	168
in most cases	168
of the hepatitis	168
depend on the	168
the combination of	167
that do not	167
molecular characterization of	167
is consistent with	167
result of the	167
to be associated	167
may have been	167
cleavage of the	167
in the literature	167
infections in children	167
approved by the	167
in the mouse	167
zhang et al	166
chronic obstructive pulmonary	166
cellular immune responses	166
in clinical trials	166
of the other	166
with the host	165
as a model	165
there is evidence	165
the fusion peptide	165
in children and	165
and have been	164
the concept of	164
detection of human	164
safety and immunogenicity	164
of the coronavirus	164
binds to the	164
an overview of	164
information on the	164
bind to the	164
in the family	164
the rest of	164
international committee on	164
in the cns	164
in the community	164
the sensitivity of	163
a reduction in	163
data suggest that	163
of the m	163
of human influenza	163
and public health	163
influenza virus replication	163
obstructive pulmonary disease	163
the growth of	163
and pathogenesis of	162
is known about	162
resulting in a	162
formation of the	162
months of age	162
to be used	162
increased risk of	162
infected with a	162
is critical for	161
contact with the	161
to prevent the	161
the host cells	161
of human metapneumovirus	161
the action of	161
it will be	160
can be transmitted	160
the virus from	160
which in turn	160
are essential for	160
for the production	160
is the only	160
may be the	160
isolation and characterization	160
has been identified	160
is supported by	159
patients infected with	159
of the new	159
it was found	159
when compared to	159
of a human	159
it would be	159
site of the	159
and function of	159
stages of the	159
contributed to the	159
low levels of	159
upper and lower	158
results suggest that	158
the genomes of	158
should be noted	158
vaccines have been	158
acts as a	158
the percentage of	158
ability of the	158
large numbers of	158
in the elderly	158
infections of the	158
to be an	157
of infection with	157
tract infections in	157
of measles virus	157
red blood cells	157
virus disease in	157
infection with the	157
the loss of	157
is believed to	157
and influenza a	157
case of the	157
of rabies virus	157
led to a	156
may be used	156
be present in	156
portion of the	156
proteins of the	156
the same virus	156
around the world	156
along with the	156
respiratory tract of	156
diseases such as	156
prior to the	156
report of the	156
over the past	156
this suggests that	155
the international committee	155
a decrease in	155
been identified as	155
the most commonly	155
are required to	155
of virus infection	155
virus replication by	155
all of these	155
of the hiv	155
linked to the	155
component of the	155
an example of	155
was the most	155
have the potential	154
democratic republic of	154
interacts with the	154
the length of	154
the infectivity of	154
the m protein	154
influenza virus infections	154
there is also	154
entry into the	154
limited number of	154
out of the	154
in influenza a	154
that they are	154
it is clear	154
replicate in the	154
the sars coronavirus	154
swine influenza virus	154
is related to	154
no evidence of	154
an rna virus	154
of seasonal influenza	153
is required to	153
the need to	153
type i and	153
nile virus infection	153
human infection with	153
of the membrane	153
acute respiratory tract	152
for the prevention	152
occur in the	152
syncytial virus and	152
is present in	152
to be determined	152
on the viral	152
are based on	152
reported in the	152
treatment of influenza	152
proved to be	152
in the lower	152
the lungs of	152
encoded by the	152
mediated by the	152
were associated with	151
antiviral effect of	151
the early s	151
determined by the	151
days after the	151
as described previously	151
a source of	151
majority of the	151
of the capsid	151
airway epithelial cells	151
and safety of	150
are thought to	150
h n strains	150
of viral particles	150
viral and cellular	150
this work was	150
an h n	150
emergence of new	150
heat shock protein	150
the accumulation of	150
major cause of	150
it is now	150
is not clear	150
and the host	150
of nucleic acid	150
the association of	150
by the viral	150
of vesicular stomatitis	149
impact on the	149
and there is	149
and young children	149
also been shown	149
the gastrointestinal tract	149
a virus and	149
of influenza c	149
a better understanding	149
on taxonomy of	149
indicated that the	149
with severe acute	149
in immunocompromised patients	149
for viral replication	149
the infection of	149
of viruses that	149
human influenza viruses	149
total number of	149
and adaptive immune	148
used to detect	148
interfere with the	148
and influenza virus	148
into the cytoplasm	148
in this context	148
relative to the	148
committee on taxonomy	148
parainfluenza virus type	148
followed by the	148
which have been	148
in the late	148
early stages of	148
has been developed	148
form of the	147
is the case	147
there are several	147
the s protein	147
amino acid substitutions	147
cd and cd	147
is necessary to	147
chen et al	147
has not yet	147
small number of	147
evaluation of a	147
carried out in	147
this may be	147
rna and dna	147
in comparison to	147
a set of	147
of transmission of	146
a comparison of	146
detection of viruses	146
virus infection is	146
in the netherlands	146
viruses with a	146
than in the	146
there are two	146
in conjunction with	146
to develop a	146
in the number	146
of the hemagglutinin	146
of the total	146
a model for	146
fusion of the	145
in the second	145
could be a	145
h h h	145
specificity of the	145
of the manuscript	145
systematic review and	145
infants and young	145
were identified in	145
of the cellular	145
a cause of	145
the involvement of	145
infected cells and	145
to the nucleus	145
to the family	145
the assembly of	144
course of the	144
samples were collected	144
infection and the	144
such as those	144
the pathogenicity of	144
open reading frames	144
recent advances in	144
be responsible for	144
during the course	144
lead to a	144
classical swine fever	144
was used as	144
virus and its	143
in both the	143
at least two	143
development of an	143
structure and function	143
viral nucleic acid	143
the recognition of	143
to influenza a	143
have been proposed	143
virus as a	143
ranging from to	142
to the presence	142
in accordance with	142
of up to	142
with the viral	142
gene expression and	142
aspects of the	142
viral infection in	142
a period of	142
and expression of	142
to be involved	142
of the cells	142
viral load in	142
is a common	142
nucleotide sequence of	141
of the fusion	141
patients with chronic	141
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome	141
the diversity of	141
assessment of the	141
were treated with	141
is necessary for	141
of more than	141
against influenza virus	140
high level of	140
proteins involved in	140
for more than	140
response to infection	140
of enveloped viruses	140
in the course	140
by the host	140
in spite of	140
indicating that the	140
type i ifns	140
by using a	140
distribution of the	140
and lower respiratory	140
viral infection and	139
that in the	139
in the population	139
humans and animals	139
effects of the	139
has to be	139
mechanism by which	139
of a recombinant	139
effects on the	139
n virus infection	139
has been the	139
major histocompatibility complex	139
control of the	139
were used for	139
the in vitro	139
vivo and in	139
of the central	139
s and s	139
mutation in the	139
to form a	138
viruses were detected	138
and prevention of	138
is capable of	138
to influenza virus	138
infection in children	138
may be more	138
to the same	138
virus of mice	138
in a recent	138
interferon regulatory factor	138
studies suggest that	138
ebola and marburg	138
the infected cells	138
of children with	138
of rift valley	138
genetic diversity of	138
viruses belonging to	138
the selection of	137
immune response and	137
h n subtype	137
is needed to	137
in cell cultures	137
of the novel	137
from the cell	137
would like to	137
and the other	137
focused on the	137
broad range of	137
infection has been	137
virus infection by	137
has shown that	137
virus was isolated	137
a viruses in	137
it appears that	137
to control the	137
vaccinia virus ankara	137
the basis for	137
of the four	137
period of time	137
to note that	137
two or more	137
of mouse hepatitis	136
induced by the	136
as early as	136
infection of human	136
of amino acid	136
result in a	136
mode of action	136
in situ hybridization	136
viral and host	136
by the presence	136
the management of	136
infections in humans	136
reduction in the	136
more than of	136
the observation that	135
a key role	135
c virus replication	135
has been detected	135
act as a	135
the antiviral effect	135
immune responses and	135
the virulence of	135
viral rna replication	135
to ensure that	134
and mortality in	134
ebola hemorrhagic fever	134
in the infected	134
that are not	134
shown to have	134
of a vaccine	134
and do not	134
was the first	134
they are not	134
the infected cell	134
the likelihood of	134
two of the	134
viruses that have	134
and severity of	134
the most frequently	133
at least in	133
is possible to	133
cytokines and chemokines	133
appeared to be	133
a virus is	133
the last years	133
the cleavage of	133
of cases of	133
it does not	133
they do not	133
not appear to	133
from the host	133
features of the	133
is clear that	133
for the control	133
that they have	133
such as influenza	133
as a vaccine	133
of the different	133
against h n	133
and the presence	133
the viral replication	133
serves as a	133
of public health	132
pandemic influenza virus	132
length of the	132
h n in	132
regulation of the	132
indicate that the	132
viral life cycle	132
to infection with	132
factors such as	132
are used to	132
basis of the	132
lee et al	132
phase of the	131
been used for	131
with a single	131
leads to a	131
high degree of	131
the vaccinia virus	131
with and without	131
no conflict of	131
to viral infection	131
expression of a	131
acute respiratory illness	131
of chikungunya virus	131
there were no	131
occurs in the	131
modified vaccinia virus	131
to have been	131
the persistence of	131
the significance of	131
result in the	131
used in this	131
united states and	131
viral rna in	131
by influenza a	130
in the us	130
interaction of the	130
in the world	130
transcription and replication	130
protein in the	130
been demonstrated to	130
t cells and	130
each of these	130
one of these	130
although it is	130
corresponding to the	130
the history of	130
to replicate in	130
in agreement with	130
in a number	130
well as a	130
sensitivity and specificity	130
in many cases	130
avian influenza h	130
have been made	130
interaction between the	130
the ha and	130
is considered to	129
and transmission of	129
exposed to the	129
recent studies have	129
the viral polymerase	129
an immune response	129
is found in	129
analysis of a	129
rest of the	129
animal models of	129
national institute of	129
for ebola virus	129
to detect the	129
evidence for the	129
a major role	129
genetic characterization of	129
a new virus	129
it has also	129
was reported to	129
of at least	129
the sequence of	129
evidence suggests that	128
murine leukemia virus	128
efficacy and safety	128
of the type	128
of viruses from	128
host response to	128
infants and children	128
in this way	128
studies have been	128
protein of the	128
t cells in	128
of the main	128
disruption of the	128
can be seen	128
liu et al	128
also be used	128
for virus replication	128
respiratory tract and	128
proteins in the	128
more susceptible to	128
be the most	128
c virus rna	127
rapid detection of	127
important for the	127
efficacy of the	127
of gene expression	127
plays an important	127
diseases caused by	127
food and drug	127
influenza viruses are	127
of influenza in	127
in the formation	127
to the human	127
in of the	127
the viral life	127
in the production	127
of an influenza	127
derived from a	127
in the middle	127
virus in vitro	127
be detected by	127
immune response is	126
model for the	126
has been a	126
of antibodies to	126
of human and	126
mouse model of	126
the dynamics of	126
tend to be	126
and evaluation of	126
was determined by	126
to provide a	126
the lipid bilayer	126
the advent of	126
was found that	126
is the major	126
humoral and cellular	126
used to study	126
of a large	126
several studies have	125
identification and characterization	125
may be due	125
a major cause	125
stability of the	125
be explained by	125
pcr assay for	125
of the international	125
at the level	125
for the diagnosis	125
be considered as	125
associated with human	125
to improve the	125
a broad range	124
immunodeficiency virus infection	124
hpai h n	124
basis for the	124
has the potential	124
not associated with	124
focus on the	124
and other respiratory	124
the viral load	124
evidence for a	124
a history of	124
in line with	124
of the spike	124
genome of the	124
the biology of	124
is a highly	123
of the a	123
of virus and	123
in the genome	123
even in the	123
risk of infection	123
in h n	123
only in the	123
of the infectious	123
of the e	123
not required for	123
for this reason	123
fact that the	123
the evaluation of	123
gene expression in	123
this is not	123
little is known	123
viruses from the	123
the initiation of	123
authors declare no	123
after the onset	123
in viral replication	123
viral and bacterial	123
been reported that	122
virus h n	122
feline leukemia virus	122
of japanese encephalitis	122
single amino acid	122
contact with infected	122
mechanisms by which	122
the human immunodeficiency	122
view of the	122
data on the	122
of mice with	122
give rise to	122
protective immunity against	122
difference in the	122
been used as	121
especially in the	121
infl uenza viruses	121
of the animals	121
a subset of	121
zika virus in	121
the total number	121
based on their	121
i and ii	121
is followed by	121
viral nucleic acids	121
and it was	121
rna was extracted	121
the aim of	121
could also be	121
of the p	121
are caused by	121
weeks of age	121
the cytoplasm of	121
with that of	121
in a variety	121
of newcastle disease	121
been used in	121
the f protein	121
in another study	121
in southern china	121
human enteric viruses	120
of respiratory tract	120
some of which	120
could be detected	120
acute respiratory infection	120
acute respiratory disease	120
of hendra virus	120
respect to the	120
of viral and	120
viral rna synthesis	120
mechanisms of action	120
of host cell	120
part of a	120
the most effective	120
viral rna was	120
it is difficult	120
sequences in the	119
peripheral blood mononuclear	119
their role in	119
as it is	119
epithelial cells of	119
into host cells	119
do not have	119
to the genus	119
children with acute	119
because of its	119
and stored at	119
the in vivo	119
in clinical samples	119
review and meta	119
the disease in	119
a function of	118
implications for the	118
infection can be	118
to the emergence	118
plays a role	118
the purpose of	118
respiratory viruses and	118
susceptible to infection	118
that had been	118
of viral diseases	118
in the uk	118
mode of transmission	118
in the americas	118
the removal of	118
of the small	118
of the common	118
the virus particle	118
are important for	118
they have been	117
and activation of	117
the nervous system	117
and drug administration	117
virus to the	117
in the replication	117
of the molecular	117
the quality of	117
close contact with	117
have demonstrated that	117
leading to a	117
to a new	117
of the current	117
a limited number	117
to virus infection	117
results showed that	117
correlated with the	117
the vast majority	117
the susceptibility of	117
so that the	117
clinical features of	117
will be discussed	117
internal ribosome entry	117
for hepatitis c	117
the etiology of	117
of respiratory viral	117
associated with respiratory	116
was reported in	116
infections caused by	116
influenza virus is	116
may have a	116
indicates that the	116
exposure to the	116
number of cases	116
during the early	116
damage to the	116
common cause of	116
in hospitalized children	116
provided by the	116
of hepatitis e	116
of marburg virus	116
from a single	116
beginning of the	116
this virus is	116
the pattern of	116
adaptive immune response	116
of respiratory virus	116
major role in	116
life cycle of	116
modification of the	116
infected with influenza	116
detection of a	116
in the process	116
used to identify	115
of the c	115
viruses in a	115
which the virus	115
the outbreak of	115
n virus in	115
the case for	115
results indicate that	115
studies showed that	115
of semliki forest	115
of the samples	115
not been reported	115
to interfere with	115
in the evolution	115
may play a	115
found to have	115
during the last	115
blood mononuclear cells	115
and the development	114
virus with a	114
a panel of	114
from infected cells	114
a virus that	114
are resistant to	114
can be achieved	114
emergence of the	114
proteins that are	114
assembly of the	114
of viruses to	114
was obtained from	114
importance of the	114
tested positive for	114
in infants with	114
work was supported	114
seasonal influenza a	114
to contribute to	114
nipah virus infection	114
sequencing of the	114
are similar to	114
host range and	114
information about the	114
to protect against	113
other members of	113
the viral infection	113
the contribution of	113
as long as	113
humoral immune response	113
lesions in the	113
bound to the	113
viral gene expression	113
these results suggest	113
to the cytoplasm	113
human and avian	113
and the viral	113
the life cycle	113
h n strain	113
in all cases	113
embryonated chicken eggs	113
dengue hemorrhagic fever	113
associated with acute	113
of the epidemic	113
the human genome	113
for patients with	113
the differences in	113
should also be	113
a critical role	113
severity of the	112
been developed to	112
prevention and treatment	112
the united kingdom	112
investigation of the	112
r n a	112
identified as a	112
of antiviral drugs	112
on the use	112
to human health	112
in the genus	112
and on the	112
of influenza b	112
and use of	112
with the development	112
implicated in the	112
were tested for	112
patients with acute	112
in a similar	112
strains of the	112
of middle east	112
as high as	112
the cleavage site	112
subtype h n	112
study showed that	112
to the high	112
a matter of	112
intensive care unit	112
of the cases	112
transmissible gastroenteritis virus	112
been developed for	112
this has been	112
of the congo	111
to produce a	111
a new host	111
the origins of	111
the capacity to	111
of the pathogen	111
the receptor binding	111
the novel coronavirus	111
important in the	111
to estimate the	111
virus entry into	111
the acute phase	111
molecular basis of	111
and analysis of	111
rather than the	111
at the site	111
can be made	111
is not yet	111
of sars coronavirus	111
safety and efficacy	111
virus of the	111
associated with increased	111
the e protein	111
structure of a	111
of these proteins	111
infection in vitro	111
of cd t	111
of innate immune	111
group of viruses	111
of human infection	110
epithelial cells and	110
or in the	110
protective efficacy of	110
the burden of	110
processing of the	110
in balb c	110
cell culture and	110
the ecology of	110
may be associated	110
in a cell	110
high prevalence of	110
of sindbis virus	110
it is well	110
vast majority of	110
live attenuated vaccines	110
the circulation of	110
all of which	110
kim et al	110
is a member	110
at high risk	110
throughout the world	110
have led to	110
rna viruses in	110
be infected with	110
an animal model	110
and avian influenza	110
were used as	110
was confirmed by	110
attributed to the	109
this article is	109
for many years	109
e and e	109
with those of	109
or absence of	109
in cultured cells	109
of yellow fever	109
of the brain	109
are believed to	109
by the fact	109
a viral infection	109
was identified in	109
by the use	109
position of the	109
of porcine epidemic	109
be attributed to	109
and replication of	109
in this regard	109
with avian influenza	109
of infectious disease	109
the early stages	109
c virus ns	109
acute lower respiratory	109
are the main	109
known to cause	109
risk factor for	109
be isolated from	109
seasonal h n	109
in view of	109
of influenza and	108
republic of the	108
interactions with the	108
in which a	108
signs and symptoms	108
to be considered	108
results of the	108
by use of	108
characterized by a	108
are available for	108
an inhibitor of	108
viruses and bacteria	108
such as a	108
regardless of the	108
virus life cycle	108
the target cell	108
it is known	108
the pandemic h	108
in cases of	108
the molecular mechanisms	108
virus and host	108
terminus of the	108
formation of a	108
relationship between the	108
defined as the	108
are considered to	108
is not the	108
methods for the	108
listed in table	107
avian and human	107
and duration of	107
is in the	107
production of infectious	107
been reported for	107
leading cause of	107
insight into the	107
molecular epidemiology of	107
known as the	107
as determined by	107
of disease in	107
signs of disease	107
between the virus	107
of human disease	107
the composition of	107
vp and vp	107
the west nile	107
close to the	107
at the cell	107
the ratio of	107
a virus to	107
of the role	107
key role in	107
amino acid changes	107
disease severity in	107
in the ha	107
used to treat	107
were reported in	107
by binding to	107
a change in	107
shown to inhibit	107
areas of the	106
animals and humans	106
simian immunodeficiency virus	106
the fi rst	106
the performance of	106
a highly pathogenic	106
b virus infection	106
virus ns protein	106
response to a	106
were carried out	106
the brain and	106
the virus may	106
of viruses with	106
ebola virus glycoprotein	106
the pandemic virus	106
to be important	106
the host range	106
development of vaccines	106
viruses may be	106
to each other	106
of the lung	105
molecular mechanisms of	105
influenza and other	105
of this review	105
inhibitors of the	105
and rna viruses	105
is expected to	105
complete genome sequence	105
development of novel	105
the past years	105
the mode of	105
for each of	105
viral respiratory infections	105
contributes to the	105
airborne transmission of	105
were present in	105
use in the	105
can be isolated	105
the capacity of	105
the department of	105
is determined by	105
into the nucleus	105
for the generation	105
were inoculated with	105
murine hepatitis virus	105
like to thank	104
were the most	104
it was also	104
of the ns	104
to better understand	104
and the role	104
contributing to the	104
for h n	104
sequence of a	104
host immune responses	104
of a highly	104
rna viruses are	104
influenza virus h	104
the adaptive immune	104
and release of	104
acute otitis media	104
of human respiratory	104
the search for	104
simultaneous detection of	104
virus entry and	104
to confirm the	104
the hypothesis that	104
with more than	104
a and c	104
among the most	104
infection and disease	104
immune response against	104
in the nasal	104
and is a	104
of rna virus	104
health care workers	104
presence or absence	103
sites in the	103
infections have been	103
could lead to	103
and the number	103
the success of	103
and efficacy of	103
human cases of	103
the late s	103
evidence that the	103
and should be	103
did not show	103
the public health	103
we did not	103
and spread of	103
the most frequent	103
as a cause	103
to generate a	103
the complexity of	103
as an alternative	103
is not required	103
antibodies to the	103
over the last	103
a broad spectrum	103
the human respiratory	103
personal protective equipment	103
stage of the	103
reactive oxygen species	103
to be highly	102
in cells infected	102
of viral pathogens	102
viruses have evolved	102
the specificity of	102
decrease in the	102
known about the	102
of the envelope	102
protein is a	102
account for the	102
proven to be	102
structural and functional	102
against the virus	102
of the receptor	102
may be involved	102
the influenza pandemic	102
safe and effective	102
it is necessary	102
rna viruses and	102
used to determine	102
identified as the	102
respiratory virus infection	102
human influenza virus	102
the viruses and	102
of the drug	102
in the current	102
for respiratory syncytial	102
the small intestine	102
of emerging viruses	102
is evidence that	102
a virus from	102
in hepatitis c	102
in vitro studies	102
smith et al	101
antibodies against the	101
to test the	101
in healthy adults	101
the development and	101
range of viruses	101
dna or rna	101
the th century	101
estimated to be	101
is a key	101
the viral proteins	101
carried out by	101
a family of	101
owing to the	101
in mdck cells	101
are difficult to	101
there are also	101
of the potential	101
viruses associated with	101
by direct contact	101
immune responses against	101
sensitivity of the	101
can be a	101
are more likely	101
the understanding of	101
a mixture of	101
very similar to	101
in the regulation	101
to occur in	101
between viruses and	101
for the identification	101
to h n	101
of viral genomes	101
role in viral	101
antibody response to	101
not seem to	101
for diagnosis of	101
there may be	101
the safety of	101
have suggested that	101
vero e cells	101
the species barrier	101
swine influenza viruses	101
the ha gene	100
state of the	100
to the plasma	100
for respiratory viruses	100
of viral dna	100
emerging and re	100
in the gut	100
strand rna virus	100
attached to the	100
was identified as	100
ebola virus in	100
the most recent	100
in nonhuman primates	100
of plant viruses	100
and dna viruses	100
in most of	100
in the new	100
n viruses in	100
of immune responses	100
cytotoxic t lymphocytes	100
in rna viruses	100
was first isolated	100
antiviral effects of	100
and cd t	100
two types of	100
but not the	100
were performed in	100
into the cell	100
in the air	99
be expected to	99
the increase in	99
of viral genome	99
positive and negative	99
associated with influenza	99
j o u	99
the most abundant	99
as the most	99
of monoclonal antibodies	99
virus particles in	99
and to the	99
to determine if	99
of bovine viral	99
concentration of the	99
o u r	99
transmission to humans	99
is a potent	99
determination of the	99
the host and	99
rna in the	99
the last decade	99
in the influenza	99
it could be	99
bronchial epithelial cells	99
proteins have been	99
was based on	99
also found in	99
in the range	99
much of the	99
the control group	99
were determined by	99
the structure and	99
discovery of the	99
by influenza virus	99
a model of	99
data indicate that	99
assay for the	99
is no evidence	99
used as an	99
viral load and	99
recombinant vaccinia virus	99
the choice of	99
children under years	98
with the use	98
of a specific	98
at the plasma	98
replication in vitro	98
and marburg viruses	98
case fatality rate	98
in this paper	98
in mice infected	98
in contact with	98
release of the	98
is transmitted by	98
to the lack	98
roles in the	98
available in the	98
of amino acids	98
rna polymerase ii	98
this can be	98
p r o	98
have been implicated	98
evolutionary history of	98
because they are	98
bacterial and viral	98
overview of the	98
the centers for	98
of humans and	98
the preparation of	98
appear to have	98
virus could be	98
for each virus	98
human monoclonal antibody	98
occurred in the	98
infection of mice	98
results from the	98
possible that the	98
n a l	98
of the gene	98
of both the	98
isolation of the	98
avian infl uenza	98
a case of	98
host range of	98
viral infections of	98
in a patient	98
efficacy of a	97
of t cells	97
even though the	97
early in the	97
of pandemic h	97
of borna disease	97
in this chapter	97
infection may be	97
comparative analysis of	97
the administration of	97
replication and transcription	97
and by the	97
authors declare that	97
the pandemic influenza	97
u r n	97
be applied to	97
remain to be	97
applied to the	97
well as to	97
has been studied	97
response to viral	97
likely that the	97
be divided into	97
the construction of	97
a high degree	97
of the ifn	97
the method of	97
reported that the	97
viruses do not	97
the functions of	97
further studies are	97
example of a	97
molecular biology of	97
infection of a	97
be important for	97
and does not	97
for vaccine development	97
to form the	97
and pandemic influenza	97
the structural proteins	97
the value of	97
institutes of health	97
there are a	97
be an important	97
h n vaccine	97
organization of the	97
strains of influenza	96
variation in the	96
large amounts of	96
these viruses in	96
been demonstrated in	96
transported to the	96
be useful in	96
which could be	96
at the beginning	96
r o o	96
virus in mice	96
course of infection	96
of all the	96
of the mechanisms	96
o o f	96
of morbidity and	96
origin influenza a	96
the genomic rna	96
a small number	96
are unable to	96
and infectious diseases	96
structural proteins of	96
the s and	96
p r e	96
cells and the	96
l p r	96
influenza b viruses	96